Efflorescence (on Clay Brick)
Crystalline salt deposits (typically Sodium Sulfate Na2SO4, Calcium Carbonate CaCO3, or Potassium Sulfate K2SO4)
Mineral precipitate (anthropogenic context)
Category
Anthropogenic Mineral Mimic
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Clay Brick
Ceramic structural unit (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O as precursor)
metamorphic (man-made/anthropogenic)
Iron Slag
Iron/Steel Slag (Ferrosilicate Glass)
industrial byproduct (anthropogenic material)
Opalite (Man-made Glass)
Fused glass (typically made of dolomite and metal opacifiers)
Man-made Material / Glass
Concrete Fragment
Hardened Portland Cement Composite
Anthropogenic (Man-made material mimicking sedimentary rock)
Iron Slag
Vitreous glassy waste (Fe-Si-Al-Ca compounds)
Mineral byproduct (anthropogenic / techno-fossil)
Concrete with Aggregate
Composite construction material; primary matrix is Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H)
anthropogenic (human-made) sedimentary-like material
Slag Glass
Amorphous Silica / Glass Slag
industrial byproduct (anthropogenic rock-like material)
Sea Glass (Teal/Turquoise)
Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with trace metal oxides
Anthropogenic (Man-made material processed by nature)
Pearl and Garnet Glass
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) for pearl; Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) for glass
mineral and glass
Pyrite
Iron Sulfide (FeS2)
mineral
Quartz (Iron-stained)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Opalite (Man-made Glass)
Synthetic Opalised Glass
mineral
Quartz (Rose Quartz or Iron-stained Quartz)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Picture Jasper
Silicified sedimentary or volcanic rock (primarily SiO2)
sedimentary
Banded Agate Geode
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Goldstone
Not a natural mineral or rock. It is an ornamental glass.
Manufactured Glass (Simulant)
Obsidian Arrowhead
Obsidian (Volcanic Glass)
igneous
Orca Agate
Chalcedony (SiO2) with various inclusions
mineral
Ironstone Concretion
Ironstone (primarily Siderite or Limonite)
sedimentary
Opalite
Synthetic Glass (Silica-based)
gemstone
Bumblebee Jasper
Fibrous Calcite and Quartz with Volcanic Matter (CaCO3 / SiO2)
mineral
Concrete with Aggregate
Artificial Conglomerate (Cement and Aggregate)
sedimentary
Moissanite
Silicon Carbide (SiC)
mineral
Tiger's Eye
Silicon Dioxide (Quartz pseudomorph after crocidolite), $SiO_2$
mineral
Opalite
Synthetically produced glass (Silicon Dioxide with metallic inclusions)
Mineraloid (Man-made Glass)
Aventurine
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2 with inclusions of Fuchsite mica)
mineral
Green Aventurine
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with fuchsite inclusions
mineral
Heat-Treated Citrine (Amethyst)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
mineral
Pyrite (Fool's Gold)
Iron Sulfide (FeS2)
mineral
Green Aventurine
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Fuchsite mica
metamorphic
Eagle Eye Stone (Gray-Blue Tiger's Eye)
Pseudomorph of Quartz after Crocidolite (SiO2)
mineral
Quartz Geode (Citrine or Iron-stained Quartz)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Sandstone (with Liesegang rings or joints)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily Quartz with Iron Oxide cement)
sedimentary
Citrine (Heat-treated Amethyst)
Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)
mineral
Green Aventurine
Aventurine Quartz (SiO2 with Fuchsite inclusions)
mineral
Green Aventurine
Silicon Dioxide with Fuchsite (SiO2 + K(Al,Cr)2AlSi3O10(OH)2)
metamorphic
Cullet Glass (sometimes mistaken for Blue Obsidian or Slag)
Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with chemical additives (e.g., Cobalt for blue color)
mineraloid / industrial byproduct
Citrine (Heat-Treated)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Lemon (Mock specimen mimicking Citrine/Sulfur)
Citrus x limon
Organic (Biological specimen)
Green Aventurine
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Fuchsite inclusions
Metamorphic Rock (variety of Quartz)