Igneous And Metamorphic Derivative (Weathered)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with aluminum impurities

Ruby, Emerald, and Sapphire (Corundum and Beryl)

Corundum (Al2O3) and Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18)

Yellow Quartz (Citrine or Iron-Stained Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Labradorite

Labradorite (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8

Milky Quartz (or Vein Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Labradorite (Feldspar)

Labradorite: (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8

Quartz (Milky or Common Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Quartz (Milky/Smoky variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sodalite

Sodalite (Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Titanium and Iron)

Clear Quartz Crystal

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Green Aventurine

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide) with Fuchsite inclusions (SiO2 + K(Al,Cr)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Pyrite (Iron Pyrite)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Clear Quartz Crystal Cluster

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pyrite

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Ruby (Corundum)

Al2O3 (Aluminium oxide with Chromium impurities)

Raw Citrine (Yellow Quartz)

Citrine / Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 - Aluminum Oxide)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Orthoclase (Potassium Feldspar)

KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Aluminum Silicate)

Given the appearance, it's likely a fragment of an igneous or metamorphic rock composed of multiple minerals. Without specific diagnostic features, it's difficult to give a common name other than 'crystalline rock fragment'. If pressed to guess based on the granular, somewhat light and dark speckled appearance, it could be a fragment of granite or a related intrusive igneous rock.

As a rock fragment, it does not have a single scientific mineral name; rather, it's a piece of a rock which is a combination of minerals. If it were granite, its main mineral composition would be quartz (SiO2), feldspar (e.g., KAlSi3O8 - orthoclase, (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)4O8 - plagioclase), and mica (e.g., KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 - muscovite or K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 - biotite), among others.

Epidote

Epidote; Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Schist

Mica Schist (Variable chemistry, often rich in muscovite and biotite)

Lapis Lazuli

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(S,SO4,Cl)1-2 (primarily containing Lazurite with inclusions of Calcite and Pyrite)

Gneiss

Gneiss

Gneiss (Granitic Gneiss)

Gneiss (from German Gneis, related to 'spark')

Limestone (Porous/Travertine variant)

Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Granodiorite (Gneissic texture)

Granodiorite (containing Quartz SiO2, Plagioclase Feldspar, and Biotite)

Schist

Schist

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Yellow Quartz (Citrine/Yellow Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ferruginous Quartz (Iron-stained Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions/staining (Limonite/Hematite)

Chert (Nodule)

Chert (SiO2)