Igneous Or Metamorphic

Yellow Quartz (Citrine or Iron-Stained Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Labradorite

Labradorite (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8

Milky Quartz (or Vein Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded Agate (Tumbled)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Labradorite (Feldspar)

Labradorite: (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8

Quartz (Milky or Common Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Quartz (Milky/Smoky variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sodalite

Sodalite (Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2)

Clear Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 with trace Titanium and Iron)

Clear Quartz Crystal

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

Green Aventurine

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide) with Fuchsite inclusions (SiO2 + K(Al,Cr)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Pyrite (Iron Pyrite)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Clear Quartz Crystal Cluster

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pyrite

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Gold Ore

Native Gold (Au) in Matrix

Ruby (Corundum)

Al2O3 (Aluminium oxide with Chromium impurities)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3 - Aluminum Oxide)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Orthoclase (Potassium Feldspar)

KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Aluminum Silicate)

Quartz (Milky or Rough Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Aquamarine with Sunstone

Aquamarine (Be3Al2Si6O18), Sunstone (Na,Ca)Al(Si,Al)Si2O8

Greenschist

Greenschist (composed primarily of Chlorite, Actinolite, and Epidote)

Gneiss

Gneiss

Greenstone

Metabasalt / Chlorite-Epidote Schist

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Schist

Mica Schist (Variable chemistry, often rich in muscovite and biotite)

Orthoclase Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Muscovite Mica (likely on Quartz/Feldspar)

Muscovite - KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss

Gneiss (Granitic Gneiss)

Gneiss (from German Gneis, related to 'spark')

Epidote

Epidote; Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Yellow Quartz (Citrine/Yellow Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)