Man Made Composite (Lithified Equivalent Of Sedimentary)

Iron-stained quartz-rich rock, possibly weathered sandstone

Quartz-rich sandstone with limonite/goethite staining; exact identification requires testing

Weathered fossil shell fragment

Likely a bivalve or gastropod shell, composed mainly of biogenic calcite/aragonite (CaCO₃)

Possible weathered sandstone or iron-rich sedimentary rock

Indeterminate; likely quartz-rich sandstone with iron-oxide cement

Graphite

Graphite (elemental carbon, C)

Quartzwacke / Impure Sandstone

Arenite with minor lithic fragments (Silicon Dioxide matrix)

Sandstone

Arenite

Blue Chalcedony Cube

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Weathered fossiliferous limestone

Calcite-rich limestone (CaCO₃), possibly bioclastic or micritic limestone

Pale limestone or calcite-rich rock

Calcite (CaCO₃), likely micritic limestone

Asphalt (Bituminous Concrete)

Asphaltum / Bitumen-Aggregate Matrix

Fossiliferous Kalkstein (Marl/Sandstone)

Fossiliferous calcarenite/siltstone

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 principal component)

Rounded sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone, commonly arkose or lithic sandstone

Rounded sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone, likely arkose or quartz arenite

Fossiliferous Limestone

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Fossiliferous Limestone

Carbonate sedimentary rock (CaCO3) with bioclasts

Fossiliferous Limestone

Fossiliferous Limestone

Sandstone (likely Quartzose)

Sandstone (Principally SiO2)

Polished fossil-bearing shale or mudstone

Fossiliferous carbonaceous mudstone/shale; visible fossils may be bivalves or ammonites, but species cannot be confirmed from the image

Weathered quartz-rich rock, likely sandstone or quartzite

Quartz-dominated clastic rock; possibly quartzite (SiO₂-rich)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Possible granite or granitic gneiss pebble

Granite; primarily quartz, feldspar, and mica

Jewelry Chain with Blue and Clear Gemstones (Likely Cubic Zirconia)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO₂), Silver or White Gold/Platinum Alloy

Weathered sandstone (probable arkosic sandstone)

Clastic sandstone, mainly quartz (SiO₂) with feldspar and iron-oxide cement

Beaded mineral/crystal jewelry (likely turquoise and coral accents)

Variable; blue beads may be turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O), with possible dyed howlite, glass, or composite materials

Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Polished turquoise-bearing rock

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O, likely in a brown host rock or matrix

Asphalt (Bituminous Pavement Bit)

Bitumen-bound aggregate (Petrochemical-bound composite)

Rounded gray river pebble

Likely fine-grained quartz-rich sandstone or siltstone; exact identification requires a fresh surface and tests

Gowganda Tillite (Puddingstone)

Gowganda Formation Conglomerate

Fossilized gastropod (snail)

Gastropoda; shell commonly preserved as calcite (CaCO₃)

Fossiliferous limestone, likely coral or shell-rich limestone

Biogenic calcite (CaCO₃), commonly limestone containing fossil coral or mollusks

Opal (in Jewelry Setting)

Hydrated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2·nH2O)

Weathered sandstone or quartzite cobble

Quartz-rich sandstone; possibly metamorphosed to quartzite

Light-colored limestone

Calcitic limestone; primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), mineral calcite

Sandstone

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (composed mostly of SiO2)

Fossiliferous Limestone

Biogenic Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fossiliferous Limestone

Biogenic Sedimentary Rock (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Small weathered stone, likely sandstone or limestone fragment

Indeterminate clastic or carbonate rock; mineral composition cannot be confirmed from the image

Faceted Gemstones (Mixed)

Various (e.g., Corundum, Beryl, Quartz, or synthetic equivalents)

Fossiliferous Limestone

Fossiliferous Limestone (Sedimentary Rock)

Likely quartz-rich sedimentary pebbles

Quartz arenite or chert-like siliceous rock; exact identification is uncertain from the photograph