Man Made Glass Mineral Simulant

Polished white chalcedony or quartz pendant

Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Blue Sapphire (Synthetic or Man-made Glass Imitation)

Corundum (Al2O3) if natural; Lead-glass or Spinal if synthetic

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Calcium Phosphate) - Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

Mohave Turquoise (Composite/Stabilized)

Hydrated copper aluminium phosphate (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O) with stabilizing resin and metallic inclusions

Cullet Glass (sometimes mistaken for Blue Obsidian or Slag)

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with chemical additives (e.g., Cobalt for blue color)

Blue Goldstone

Synthetic Avanturine Glass (or Aventurine Glass)

Dyed or synthetic turquoise-blue glass-like specimen

Likely man-made colored glass or resin; exact identification requires testing

Cobalt Glass Slug (Man-made Glass)

Amorphous Silica with Cobalt Oxide (SiO2 + CoO)

Likely polished quartz or glass-like mineral cabochon

Probably quartz (SiO₂), though the image cannot exclude man-made glass

Dyed Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalised Glass

Titanium Aura Quartz (Bismuth-coated Druzy)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Titanium/Metal vapor coating

Carborundum (Silicon Carbide)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Crushed Stone (Likely Limestone or Granite)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) for Limestone / Quartz and Feldspar for Granite

Ferrous Slag

Iron/Steel Slag (Complex Calcium-Alumino-Silicates)

Sandstone Concretion

Sedimentary Clastic Rock (Silicate-rich)

Concrete

Hydrated Portland Cement Aggregate Composite

Magnetic Hematite (Man-made)

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) with Barium-Strontium Ferrite

Concrete Rubble with Aggregate

Hardened Portland Cement Paste with Coarse Aggregate

Slag

Anthropogenic Vitreous Silica/Iron oxides

Sandstone (with Liesegang rings or joints)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily Quartz with Iron Oxide cement)

Concrete Paver (Artificial Cementitious Rock)

Hydrated Portland Cement Aggregate

Cullet Glass (Man-made Glass Slag)

Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with chemical additives

Concretion

Sedimentary Concretion (Ironstone / Calcite Concretion)

Mother of Pearl (Nacre)

Aragonite (CaCO3) with Organic Matrix

Chert Arrowhead (Projectile Point)

Microcrystalline Quartz (Chert or Flint)

Blue Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2 with inclusions)

Aura Quartz

Titanium-coated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Carborundum (Silicon Carbide)

Silicon carbide (SiC)

Sandstone Concretion

Clastic Sedimentary Concretion (typically Quartz/Silica with Iron Oxide)

Aqua Aura Quartz

Titanium/Gold-coated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond (or diamond simulant)

C

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Faceted clear gemstone, likely quartz or glass imitation

Most likely quartz (SiO₂); exact identification requires refractive-index and hardness tests

Painted River Rock

Artificially Coated Sedimentary Rock

Asphalt (Bituminous Pavement)

Bituminous mix (Aggregates with Bitumen binder)

Man-made Glass (Tumbled/Shaped)

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metal oxide colorants

Goldstone

Not a natural mineral or rock. It is an ornamental glass.

Green glass-like cabochon, likely synthetic glass or resin

Unidentified green transparent material; possibly molded glass, synthetic spinel, or resin

Man-made Jewelry (Metal and Glass/Plastic)

Synthetic Alloy and Amorphous Solid (SiO2/Polymer)

Dyed Crackle Quartz (Green)

Quenching-treated Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Cullet (Slag Glass)

Amorphous Silica (Industrial byproduct)