Man Made Material (Simulated Mineral)

Weathered fossil shell fragment

Indeterminate bioclastic carbonate, likely molluscan shell (calcium carbonate, commonly aragonite or calcite)

Polished orbicular granite heart

Granite, commonly quartz–alkali feldspar–plagioclase–biotite granite; exact locality-dependent

Sandstone (Quartz Arenite)

Sandstone (dominated by SiO2 quartz grains)

Exposed aggregate concrete (stone-chip surface)

Portland-cement concrete containing natural aggregate; not a natural rock

White flint (chert)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂

Jasper

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Red jasper

Jasper, an opaque microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), colored chiefly by iron oxides

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Synthetic Marbled Aggregate (Footwear Component)

Ethylene-vinyl acetate (Croslite™)

Beaded gemstone jewelry (likely amethyst, lapis lazuli, and pearl or glass imitation)

Mixed mineral beads; possible quartz (SiO₂) and lazurite-bearing lapis lazuli

Gem-set gold ring

Unidentified transparent gemstone, possibly quartz or glass, set in a gold-colored metal ring

Conglomeratic concrete or asphalt aggregate surface with dark bituminous chunks

Polymictic gravel aggregate; dark pieces likely bitumen/asphalt, not a natural rock

Blue glassy mineral fragment, possibly sodalite or dyed/cobalt glass

Uncertain; likely sodalite (Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄Cl₂) if natural, but vivid blue color may indicate cobalt-colored glass

Goldstone (Synthetic Aventurescence Glass)

Cuprous Aventurescent Glass (Silicon Dioxide with Copper inclusions)

Tumbled chalcedony (likely milky quartz)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; possibly pale agate or quartzite

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Limpets Shell / Fossil Specimen

Patellogastropoda (Class)

Chert (specifically Tan/Gray Chert)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Chert (varietal: Flint/Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (Iron-rich)

Native Silver

Silver (elemental Ag)

Rounded pink granite cobble

Granite, chiefly quartz–alkali feldspar–plagioclase–biotite

Beach Pebble (Chalcedony / Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone (Quartzose)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Red jasper (likely)

Jasper, an opaque microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), colored by iron oxides

Polished orbicular jasper

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), with iron oxides and other inclusions

Faceted colored gemstones, likely synthetic corundum or glass imitations

Not identifiable from the image; possible synthetic corundum (Al₂O₃)

Likely chert (flint)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely chert; exact identification is uncertain from the image alone

Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Galena (lead sulfide)

Galena, PbS

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based clastic rock)

Crushed Stone / Gravel

Aggregatus saxum (variable mineral composition)

Nacre (Mother of Pearl)

Nacre (Biogenic Aragonite/Calcite composite, CaCO3)

Blue chalcedony cabochon (probable)

Chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz; silicon dioxide, SiO₂

Sandstone (likely Fossilized Wood or Concrete Simulacrum)

Arenite / Silicified Wood / Anthropogenic Concrete

Likely weathered iron-rich rock or slag fragment

Uncertain; possibly limonite/goethite-rich material (FeO(OH)·nH₂O)

US Penny

Cuprum (Copper: Cu) and Zincum (Zinc: Zn) Alloy

Polished blue-green jasper beads

Jasper, an opaque microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂)

Brecciated jasper

Jasper, an opaque microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), with iron-oxide staining

Chert (specifically Flint Arrowhead)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Multicolor quartz bead bracelet

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂); bead colors may be from different varieties or treated quartz

Likely gold-colored metal ring with a possible gemstone

Uncertain; possibly gold alloy (Au) with a small quartz or glass-like setting