Man Made Object (Metalwork)

Quartz pebble or seed/crumb

SiO2 (if quartz)

Speckled rounded stone, possibly basalt or diorite

Indeterminate mafic/intermediate igneous rock; likely fine-grained basaltic or dioritic material

Fossilized bivalve in sandstone/conglomerate

Indeterminate fossil mollusk, likely Bivalvia, preserved in lithified siliciclastic sediment

Banded metamorphic rock (likely gneiss or schist)

Foliated quartz–feldspar–mica rock; exact identification is uncertain from the photograph

Yellow Sapphire (Raw)

Corundum (Al2O3)

Possibly a metallic iron-rich meteorite

Undetermined iron meteorite; composition cannot be confirmed from the image

Malachite-bearing decorative stone (possibly dyed or resin-coated)

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂; the underlying matrix is not identifiable from the image

Likely pyrite (“fool’s gold”) fragment

Pyrite, FeS₂

Rounded quartz pebble (tentative)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Polished ocean jasper cabochon

Orbicular jasper (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Banded Calcite or Travertine

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Translucent greenish gemstone, possibly jade or quartz

Not reliably identifiable from the image; candidate materials include jadeite (NaAlSi₂O₆), nephrite (Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂), or quartz (SiO₂)

Mixed small pebbles and mineral grains

Unidentified detrital sediment; likely quartz-, feldspar-, and lithic fragments

Chalk

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Green cabochon gemstone, likely glass-filled or synthetic emerald imitation

Uncertain; possible synthetic emerald (beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or green glass

Flint/chert projectile point

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), archaeologically worked into a bifacial point

Red faceted gemstone, likely synthetic ruby

Corundum (Al₂O₃), chromium-colored; possibly flame-fusion synthetic ruby

Flint (chert)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly called chert or flint

Polished carved coral fossil (likely agatized or silicified coral)

Fossilized colonial coral; commonly *Scleractinia* or *Tabulata*, replaced by chalcedony/microcrystalline quartz

Orange Calcite

Calcite (CaCO3)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) - Diamond / Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) - CZ

Moissanite

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Rounded brown pebble

Unidentified lithic pebble; composition cannot be determined from the image

Greenstone Celt (Polished Stone Axe)

Metamorphosed mafic rock (often Basalt or Diabase)

Clear-stone silver-tone teardrop earring

The stones may be colorless quartz or glass; the image does not allow reliable identification. Metal setting appears silver-tone.

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Polished black stone, possibly basalt or black jasper

Basalt (fine-grained mafic rock) or microcrystalline quartz if jasper

Fossil gastropod shell

Fossilized marine gastropod; exact genus/species requires locality and examination

Polished orbicular/porphyritic granite or breccia

Likely potassium-feldspar–quartz granite with amphibole/biotite and epidote; exact variety uncertain from the image

Polished orbicular stone, likely granite or diorite

Granite–diorite, composed mainly of feldspar, quartz, and dark amphibole/biotite

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Rough Corundum (Sapphire/Ruby mixture)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3)

Diamond (Colorless/White)

Carbon (C)

Belemnite Fossil

Belemnitida (rostrum)

Native American Pottery Sherd

Fossilized turtle shell or carapace fragment

Indeterminate Testudines; likely a fossil turtle carapace scute/bone

Chelyabinsk Meteorite

Ordinary chondrite (LL5)

Gastly (Trick or Trade Halloween Series)

Cellulose-carbonaceous composite (Lignocellulose laminated with pigmentary polymers)

Chert (flint), likely a weathered nodule fragment

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly termed chert or flint