Man Made Object (Simulant)

Gabbro

Gabbro

Weathered limestone with possible fossil or calcite coating

Limestone; primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), chiefly calcite

Fossil shark tooth in limestone

Selachii indet.; calcitic fossil embedded in carbonate rock

White quartzite pebble (tentative)

Quartzite; predominantly microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂)

Fossilized shell or coral fragment

Indeterminate marine mollusk or colonial coral fossil; likely calcite/aragonite replaced by calcite (CaCO₃)

Dark shale or slate fragment

Carbonaceous shale, possibly low-grade slate; composition mainly clay minerals, quartz, and organic carbon

Corundum (Ruby variety)

Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

Diamond (as set in a gold ring)

Carbon (C)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 - a variety of actinolite, an amphibole mineral); Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 - a pyroxene mineral)

Blue gemstone ring, likely sapphire

Corundum, Al₂O₃ (probable blue sapphire); surrounding stones may be diamonds or simulants

Large weathered granite boulder

Granite, typically quartz–alkali feldspar–plagioclase–biotite assemblage

Carved ruby-in-zoisite frog

Ruby-in-zoisite (corundum, Al₂O₃, in zoisite, Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH))

Selenite (satin spar gypsum)

Gypsum, CaSO₄·2H₂O; fibrous variety commonly sold as satin spar

Blue-green mineral specimen, likely chrysocolla or turquoise

Chrysocolla: hydrated copper phyllosilicate, approximately Cu₂H₂O₅Si; Turquoise: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Petrified Wood (Agatized/Silicified Wood)

Silicified Wood / Chalcedony (SiO2)

Polished granite slab with a silver jewelry item

Granite; chiefly quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and biotite/hornblende

Uncertain dark-and-white rock fragment

Likely a mixed lithic specimen, possibly quartz-bearing granite or ore; exact identification is not possible from the photograph

Possible metallic meteorite or iron-nickel bead

Unconfirmed; possible Fe–Ni alloy (kamacite/taenite)

Jadeite (Jade)

Jadeite, NaAlSi₂O₆

Granite

Granite (a common rock type, not a single mineral with a formula. Composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica/amphibole).

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Rough Diamond

Native Carbon (C)

Diamond (in a cluster setting)

Crystallized Carbon (C)

Likely gray-green soapstone (steatite) fragment

Steatite, a talc-rich rock; chiefly talc, Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Amethyst quartz cluster

Quartz, SiO₂; purple coloration from trace iron and irradiation

Polished banded jasper (likely ocean jasper or brecciated jasper)

Microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony, SiO₂, with iron oxides and assorted silicate inclusions

Desert rose

Gypsum rosette (selenite), CaSO₄·2H₂O

Polished black stone, likely basalt or black jasper

Basalt (fine-grained plagioclase–pyroxene rock) or microcrystalline quartz (black jasper); exact identification requires testing

Tiger Shark Fossil Tooth

Galeocerdo cuvier (fossilized)

Beach Pebble (likely Quartz or Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Synthetic Faux Fur Fursuit

Polyacrylonitrile / Polyester (Synthetic Textile)

Corundum (Sapphire/Ruby in Matrix)

Corundum (Al2O3)

Diamond Druzy (Crystalline Diamond)

Carbon (C)

Diamond

Diamond (pure native carbon, C)

Black Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass, SiO2 + impurities)

Faience and Carnelian in Egyptian Revival Jewelry

Faience (quartz frit) and Carnelian (chalcedony, SiO2)

Black granite with pink feldspar

Granite; chiefly quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and biotite/hornblende

Polished pyrite nodule (likely)

Pyrite, FeS₂

Fluorescent glassy mineral specimen, possibly hyalite opal

Hyalite (hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O), tentative

Weathered polymictic gravel/conglomeratic rock

Polymictic conglomerate or poorly lithified alluvial gravel; chiefly quartz, feldspar, mica, and dark lithic fragments

Anthracite coal

Anthracite; predominantly carbon (C), with minor macerals, ash, sulfur, and trace minerals