Man Made Object (Simulant)

Schist

N/A (a rock type, not a mineral formula)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic Quartz-Feldspar Felsic Rock)

Garnet

Almandine (Fe3Al2(SiO4)3)

Quartzite Pebble

Metamorphosed Quartz Sandstone (SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Quartz (Milky/Smoky variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Granite

Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Citrine or Yellow Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Jade (specifically Nephrite or Jadeite beads)

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) or Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6)

Pebble (likely Quartz or Chert)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) - referring to the likely main mineral composition, Quartz. If it's chert, the scientific name remains SiO₂ with a microcrystalline structure.

Basalt

Basalt (Aphanitic Mafic Igneous Rock)

Silver (Sterling Silver Jewelry)

Argentum (Ag) mixed with Copper (Cu)

Jasper or Chert

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Greywacke

Greywacke (Lithofeldspathic Sandstone)

Scoria (Lava Rock)

Scoria

Milky Quartz (with trace inclusions)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartz (likely a form of massive or vein quartz)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Chert (Yellow Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Basaltic Tuff / Volcanic Breccia

Pyroclastic Breccia / Lithic Tuff

Sandstone (with minor quartz and possible clay components)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (SiO2 dominated)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (Quartz variant, SiO2)

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartzite

Metamorphosed Quartz Sandstone (SiO2)

Fossilized Coral (Petoskey Stone or Rugose Coral)

Antophyllum (Hexagonaria) or Scleractinia (CaCO3)

Citrine

Citrine (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Citrine Quartz Sphere

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Scoria (Red Lava Rock)

Scoria

Yellow Citrine Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

River Quartz / Quartzite Pebbles

Quartzite (primarily Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Agate (Nodule/Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (often called Flint)

Chert (Cryptocrystalline Silica, SiO2)

Amber (Cherry or Red variety)

Succinite (with various trace amounts of organic compounds)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Sandstone (Quartzite-rich)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2, Silicon Dioxide)

Imperial Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz with Mineral Inclusions

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2), a variety of Actinolite-Tremolite

Quartz (Milky/Common)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)