Man Made Object (Simulant)

Basalt with Granite Inclusions (Xenoliths)

Mafic igneous rock (Basalt) with Sialic minerals

Stromatolite

Biogenic Sedimentary Rock (composed predominantly of CaCO3)

Quartz Geode (partially formed/chalcedony with iron staining)

Quartz (SiO2) with Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline quartz) and likely Iron Oxides/Hydroxides

Chert Pebble (Jasperoid/Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - cryptocrystalline quartz

Snowflake Obsidian

Spherulitic Volcanic Glass (SiO2 + impurities)

Druzy Quartz Geode (likely Smokey Quartz variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - specifically a geode formation lined with druzy quartz crystals, with a likely brownish hue indicating smokey quartz.

Carnelian (a variety of Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide impurities

Honey Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Ocean Jasper

Spherulitic Chalcedony (SiO2)

Gneiss (Schistose)

Gneiss

Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock (Granite)

Gneiss

Gneissic Metamorphic Rock

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Brecciated Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Rutilated Quartz (or Tourmalinated Quartz if inclusions are Tourmaline)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Rutile (TiO2) or Tourmaline inclusions

Smoky Quartz

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Chert (Commonly known as Flint or River Pebble)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Jasper (specifically Red Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide with Iron Oxides (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Agate (specifically Moss or Plume Agate nodding toward Agatized Wood)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Cryptocrystalline Quartz (Chalcedony)

Magnetite with Pyrite or Chalcopyrite inclusions

Magnetite (Fe3O4) with Pyrite (FeS2)

Agate Geode

Chalcedony (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Druzy Agate (specifically Black Druzy Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded Agate (River Stone)

Agate (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Greenschist

Greenschist (Chlorite-actinolite schist)

Red Sandstone (Iron-rich)

Ferruginous Sandstone (variable formula, primarily SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Basalt

Basalt (Aphanitic Mafic Igneous Rock)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Standing Liberty Quarter (Silver Specimen)

Native Silver alloy (Ag with Cu traces)

Basalt

Extrusive mafic igneous rock

Peridot and Citrine Gemstones (in a ring setting)

Peridot (Olivine: (Mg,Fe)2SiO4), Citrine (Quartz: SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Banded Gneiss (River Cobble)

Gneiss (a high-grade metamorphic rock)

Schist

Mica Schist

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) - Purple variety of Crystalline Quartz

Magnetic Hematite

Magnetized Hematite (an iron oxide mineral, Fe2O3, that has undergone magnetization)

Scoria (Volcanic Rock)

Scoria (often basaltic scoria)

Pink Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2 with iron oxide inclusions)

Citrine Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with ferric iron impurities

Sandstone (Quartzite-rich Cobble)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Turquoise (Blue Howlite / Magnesite imitation)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (for natural Turquoise); Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5 (for Howlite)

Tektite (Indochinite)

Tektite (High-silica natural glass)

Limestone (Porous/Travertine variant)

Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)