Metamorphic Or Igneous (Context Dependent)

Sandstone (Micaceous Sandstone)

Arenite (SiO2 with KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 inclusions)

Milky quartz

Quartz (SiO₂), likely massive milky quartz with minor iron-oxide staining and inclusions

Iron-rich slag or ironstone; appearance is not diagnostic

Likely iron-oxide-rich material (hematite, Fe₂O₃, and/or magnetite, Fe₃O₄); possibly smelting slag

Red gemstone ring, likely garnet or synthetic ruby

Possibly almandine garnet (Fe₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃) or corundum/ruby (Al₂O₃); image alone cannot distinguish

Black Jasper

Black Jasper (Silicate mineral - SiO2)

Milky Quartz with Iron Staining

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Tumbled tiger’s-eye

Quartz variety: fibrous chalcedony/quartz pseudomorph after crocidolite, SiO₂

Gold-bearing quartz (quartz with visible native gold)

Quartz (SiO₂) with native gold (Au)

Tumbled pale-green mineral specimen, likely calcite or prehnite

Probably calcite (CaCO₃) or prehnite (Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂); exact identification requires testing

Tumbled jasper or iron-rich chert

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely with iron-oxide inclusions

Chert (Nodule)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Yellow Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue faceted gemstone ring, likely synthetic sapphire or blue topaz

Uncertain from image; possible corundum (Al₂O₃) or topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Polished brown gemstone, likely jasper or bronzite

Jasper: microcrystalline SiO₂; possible bronzite: (Mg,Fe)SiO₃

Fossilized bone or tooth fragment

Mineralized vertebrate bone; exact taxon indeterminate from image

Chert / Flint Arrowheads

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Slag (Industrial)

N/A (Anthropogenic Slag)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Weathered, iron-stained rock (likely sandstone or breccia)

Indeterminate clastic sedimentary rock; possible ferruginous sandstone or weathered breccia

Gold Nugget

Native Gold (Au)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Red Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Chert (Nodule)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded agate (likely moss/iron-stained agate)

Microcrystalline quartz, primarily chalcedony (SiO₂), with iron-oxide inclusions

Faceted yellow gemstone, likely citrine

Citrine (quartz), SiO₂; possibly yellow sapphire or synthetic glass without testing

Polished blue-gray mineral specimen, likely galena-bearing ore

Galena (PbS), possibly mixed with quartz/calcite and secondary copper minerals

Flint (chert), likely a worked stone flake

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); cryptocrystalline variety of quartz

Native gold nugget or flake

Native gold (Au), possibly with minor silver/electrum

Iron-Nickel Meteorite fragment

Siderite (meteoritic iron), composed primarily of Kamacite (α-(Fe,Ni)) and Taenite (γ-(Fe,Ni))

Obsidian arrowhead flakes

Volcanic glass; primarily silica-rich rhyolitic composition (approximately 70–75% SiO₂)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron inclusions

Gold Flakes

Native Gold (Au)

Iron-stained chert (flint) nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), with iron-oxide staining

Fossilized shell or small fossil fragment

Indeterminate fossil; possibly a partial gastropod or bivalve, mineralized with calcite

Polished brown agate or jasper

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂ (chalcedony variety; exact identification uncertain from image)

Tumbled purple agate (likely grape agate or amethystine chalcedony)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; purple coloration commonly from iron, manganese, or inclusions

Polished green-inclusion stone, likely chlorite-included quartz

Quartz (SiO₂) with chlorite inclusions; exact identification is uncertain from the photograph

Rose Quartz

Silicon Dioxide with trace inclusions of dumortierite or titanium (SiO2)

Milky quartz vein fragment

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Seraphinite

Clinochlore (Mg,Fe)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 - specific variety for Seraphinite due to its fibrous inclusions and chatoyancy.

Quartz crystal cluster (likely druzy quartz)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)