Mineral, Sediment

Sandstone (likely a river or beach pebble)

Sandstone (a clastic sedimentary rock)

Sandstone

Quartz Arenite (a common type of sandstone, given the appearance), Arkose, Greywacke (depending on mineralogy)

Pebble (likely Quartz or Chert)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) - referring to the likely main mineral composition, Quartz. If it's chert, the scientific name remains SiO₂ with a microcrystalline structure.

Conglomerate

Conglomerate

Red Jasper (with Quartz Veins)

Jasper (var. chert, SiO₂)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Chert (Flint)

SiO2 (predominantly microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz)

Chert (or Flint)

SiO2 (predominantly microcrystalline quartz)

Bivalve Shell (Fossil or Contemporary)

Class Bivalvie (various genera and species of clams, cockles, etc.)

Chert (Jasper or Flint variant)

Chert (composed of microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Sandstone with trace fossil

Sandstone, possibly with Skolithos or similar trace fossil

Chert

Chert (variant of microcrystalline quartz)

Banded Jasper (Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

Mookaite Jasper

Siliceous sedimentary rock (variety of Jasper/Chert)

Chert

Siliceous sedimentary rock (predominantly microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Fossiliferous Limestone

Limestone (composed primarily of calcite with included fossils CaCO3)

Cockle Shell (Fossil or Recent)

Class Bivalvia, Family Cardiidae (e.g., Cerastoderma edule for common cockle)

Sandstone

Arenite or Sandstone

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Diamond Drill Core (Greenschist and Quartzite)

Chlorite Schist / Meta-quartzite (Metamorphic Rock Core Sample)

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

Epidote

Epidote - Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH)

Synthetic Resin (Artificial Specimen)

Polyurethane or Polyester Resin

Basalt with Secondary Mineralization (Likely Zeolites or Calcite)

Aphanitic mafic volcanic rock with secondary mineral inclusions (e.g., CaAl2Si3O10·3H2O for Scolecite)

Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock

Granite with Epidote

Granite, containing quartz, feldspar, and epidote

Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Orthoclase Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Schist (Diamond Drill Core)

Mica Schist

Schist

Schist (various mineralogical compositions including mica, chlorite, talc, etc.)

Banded Gneiss (Variety of Gneiss)

Gneiss (specifically, a variety exhibiting prominent banding; mineral composition can vary, but often contains quartz, feldspar, mica, and amphibole)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Sandstone with Secondary Mineral Encrustation

Arenite with Silica/Calcite deposits (SiO2 or CaCO3)

Yooperlite (Sodalite-bearing Syenite)

Sodalite-rich Syenite

Sandstone

Sandstone (composed primarily of sand-sized minerals or rock grains)

Orthoclase Feldspar with Quartz

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Granitic Gneiss

Gneiss (Metamorphic Rock)

Quartz Mineral

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)