Mineral, Sediment

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Gneiss

Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

Gold Mineral

Native Gold (Au)

Orthoclase Feldspar

Potassium aluminum silicate (KAlSi3O8)

Orthoclase Feldspar

KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Aluminum Silicate)

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Drill Core Samples (Varied Lithology)

Multi-lithological core samples (containing potential granite, marble, and phyllite/schist sequence)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Apatite

Fluorapatite, Chlorapatite, and Hydroxylapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH))

Gneiss

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Pink Feldspar (Orthoclase)

Orthoclase Feldspar (KAlSi3O8)

Calcite (commonly referred to as Orange Calcite or Honey Calcite given its color)

Calcite

Mineral in Sedimentary/Secondary host

Quartz in Limonite-rich Matrix

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Goethite/Limonite FeO(OH)·nH2O

Vesicular Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic extrusive volcanic rock)

Igneous

Gneiss

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Gneiss (specifically Banded Gneiss)

Gneiss

Quartz on Schist

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) on Foliated Metamorphic Rock

Gneiss

Gneiss (a rock type, not a specific mineral with a formula)

Metamorphic Rock

Quartz Vein in Sedimentary Rock

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with host Chert or Limestone

Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Orthoclase Feldspar (Potassium Feldspar)

KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Aluminum Silicate)

Gneiss

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock)

Granitic Gneiss

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock of granitic composition)

Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock (SiO2, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8)

igneous

Chrysocolla and Malachite Beads

Hydrated copper silicates (Chrysocolla) and Copper carbonate hydroxide (Malachite)

Devil's Toenail (Fossil Oyster)

Gryphaea arcuata (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

sedimentary

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic Quartz-Feldspar Plutonic Rock)

igneous

Milky Quartz with Mineral Inclusions

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Quartz Pebble

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic Extrusive volcanic rock)

igneous

Prehnite

Prehnite (Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2)

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Calcium Phosphate) - Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

Blue Apatite

Apatite - Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) (Calcium phosphate with Fluorine, Chlorine, or Hydroxyl)

Pyrite in Quartz

Iron Sulfide (FeS2) in Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (typically quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole composition)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Fluorite (Rainbow, Purple-Blue Tumbled)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Quartz (Clear Quartz/Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)