Mineral (Evaporite)

Milky Quartz with Mineral Inclusions

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Gemstone Sand (Mineral Assortment)

Mixed Mineral Concentrates (Commonly including Quartz SiO2, Garnet X3Y2(SiO4)3, and Tourmaline (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)3(Al,Fe,Mn)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4)

Granite or Pegmatite with Mica

Granitoid

Garden Quartz (Lodalite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with mineral inclusions

Banded Gneiss (with possible weathered sulfide or iron staining)

Gneiss, potentially with iron oxide/hydroxide staining (e.g., limonite) or weathered sulfides

Quartz (Druzy)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper phyllosilicate mineral (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·n(H2O)

Limonite Concretion (Ironstone)

Limonite (Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide-Hydroxide, FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrated Iron Oxide)

Limonite (vibrant yellowish-brown iron oxide)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrous ferric oxide)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Complex silicate rock containing Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Bauxite

AlOx(OH)3-2x (mixture of Gibbsite, Boehmite, and Diaspore)

Jadeite and Mixed Gemstones (Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald)

Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6), Corundum (Al2O3), Beryl (Be3Al2(Si6O18))

Granite

Granite (Felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Lapis Lazuli

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(S,SO4,Cl)1-2 (primarily containing Lazurite with inclusions of Calcite and Pyrite)

Heat-Treated Amethyst (Commercial Citrine)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Macro-crystalline Quartz

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss (specifically a Granitic Gneiss specimen)

Gneiss (high-grade metamorphic rock primarily composed of Quartz, Feldspar, and Biotite/Amphibole)

Lapis Lazuli (Raw)

Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock; Na3Ca(Al3Si3O12)S

Shale or Slate with Quartz Veins

Shale (fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock) or Slate (low-grade metamorphic rock formed from shale) with Quartz (SiO2) veins

Quartz with inclusions (likely Tourmaline or Biotite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chakra Stone (Composite / Man-made Bonded Gemstones)

Composite of Quartz, Lapis Lazuli, Aventurine, Tiger's Eye, and Jasper (SiO2, (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, etc.)

Travertine (often colloquially called Tufa)

Chemical Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fluorite (left), Sodalite (middle), Dumortierite/Tumbled Quartzite (right)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2), Sodium Aluminum Silicate Chloride (Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2), Aluminum Borosilicate (Al7(BO3)(SiO4)3O3)

Green Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Quartz Geode

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Gneiss

Metamorphic rock of high-grade regional metamorphism

Fossilized Bone Fragment

Permineralized Vertebrate Fossil (Hydroxyapatite replaced by Minerals)

Basalt with Mineral Vein (Cobble)

Basalt (with likely Quartz/Calcite vein)

Fluorite (Polished Point/Tower)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Fluorite (likely Fluorite on Quartz/Matrix)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Orthoclase Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi₃O₈)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Orange Calcite (likely polished specimen)

Calcite

Rutilated Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)

Chrysocolla

Chrysocolla (Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O)

Pegmatite with Schorl (Black Tourmaline) and Mica

Pegmatite (complex association of NaAlSi3O8, NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4, and KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2)

Quartz Geode Fragment

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)