Mineral (Extraterrestrial)

Granite

Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)

Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade metamorphic rock composed primarily of Quartz, Feldspar, and various Micas)

Quartz Geode (with possible Manganese or Goethite coating)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Green Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 principal)

Eclogite

Eclogite (Omphacite + Pyrope)

River Rock / Stream Pebble

Fluvial Clast / Rounded Sedimentary Particle

Greenstone

Greenschist (metamorphosed mafic igneous rock)

Turquoise

Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Quartz on Sandstone

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in Lithic Sandstone

Orthoclase Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Rhodochrosite

Manganese Carbonate (MnCO3)

Rhodonite

Manganese Silicate (Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO3

Kaolinite (Chalky Clay)

Kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Chrysocolla and Azurite in Matrix

Hydrated copper phyllosilicate (Chrysocolla - Cu2H2Si2O5(OH)4) and Copper carbonate (Azurite - Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Goethite and related iron hydroxides (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Banded Gneiss (River Cobble)

Gneiss (a high-grade metamorphic rock)

Granite

Granite (a broadly defined plutonic igneous rock, often more specifically classified as quartz monzonite or granodiorite based on precise mineral percentages)

Staurolite (Fairy Stone)

Staurolite (formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH))

Okenite (in Zeolite matrix)

Okenite (CaSi2O5 · 2H2O)

Ferruginous Sandstone (Gozzanous)

SiO2 (Quartz) with FeO(OH) (Goethite) or Fe2O3 (Hematite) coating

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Basalt with Secondary Mineral Infillings

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (Iron oxide-hydroxide mixture, FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Fluorite Carving

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Bauxite

Bauxite (mixture of hydrous aluminum oxides: Al(OH)3 & AlO(OH))

Milky Quartz with Iron Staining

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Azurite Malachite

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2) and Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Banded Chert

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

White Quartz with Black Tourmaline

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Schorl (NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3OH)

Bauxite

Bauxite (Al2O3·nH2O)

Bauxite

Bauxite (Al2O3·nH2O)

Limonite-stained Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide/Hydroxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O) staining

Chert (specifically Flint or Jasper variant)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Limonite

Limonite (FeOO·nH2O)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (A metamorphic rock primarily composed of Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 dominant)

Sandstone (with banding)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)