Mineral (Processed Metal)

Diamond

Carbon (C), specifically a solid form of the element carbon with atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic.

Water and Silt (Sedimentary Environment)

Suspended Sediment / H2O (dihydrogen monoxide)

Jasper (specifically Brecciated or Agated Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Chalcedony with impurities

Granite

Granite (a common term for a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Blue Dyed Agate Geode

Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline Quartz), SiO2

Chalcedony (Common Opal/Chert variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (variable mineral composition)

Granite (weathered/river-tumbled)

Granite (Plutonic Igneous Rock)

Porphyry (Flower Stone)

Porphyry (Andesite or Basalt matrix)

Red Jasper (Opaque Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Diorite (possibly fine-grained variety or a related intermediate intrusive rock like a felsic gabbro or a dark granodiorite)

Diorite (Igneous rock, intrusive, intermediate composition)

Gastly (Trick or Trade Halloween Series)

Cellulose-carbonaceous composite (Lignocellulose laminated with pigmentary polymers)

Cat's Eye Moonstone (Simulated/Synthetic or natural Cat's Eye Quartz/Glass)

There is no single scientific name. The appearance suggests either: Moonstone (feldspar group), Cat's Eye Quartz (SiO2), Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)), or most likely a synthetic material such as Fiber Optic Glass or 'Opalite' (a type of glass).

Limonitic Scoria (Vesicular Basalt with Iron Staining)

Highly vesicular basalt heavily stained by Limonite [FeO(OH)·nH2O]

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis lazuli (primary mineral: Lazurite, (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

Schist

Schist (various mineral compositions)

Amethyst

Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 + Fe)

Slag Glass (Cullet)

Amorphous Silica / Glass residue

Granite

Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)

Jasper (likely a variety of Brecciated Jasper or a patterned variety)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Goldstone (Red)

Aventurine Glass (SiO2 + Cu)

Halite

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Gneiss (Metamorphic Rock)

Gneiss (variable mineral formula primarily containing Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals: (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Olivine (Peridot when gem-quality)

Magnesium Iron Silicate, (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Quartz

Quartz (SiO₂)

Mahogany Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass) with Hematite or Magnetite inclusions, SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Granite

Granite (a plutonic igneous rock composed primarily of quartz and feldspar)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) with Quartz

Banded Iron Formation, often composed of alternating layers of hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) and chert (microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Pyrite

Iron Pyrite (FeS₂)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Diamond

Diamond (C)

Hypersthene (or Enstatite/Ferrosilite)

Orthopyroxene series (Mg,Fe)SiO3 - specifically, historically hypersthene (intermediate member) now referred to as Enstatite (Mg-rich) or Ferrosilite (Fe-rich)

Quartz (Float/Abraded)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Quartz Geode/Cluster

Quartz (SiO2)

Mixed Gemstone Beaded Jewelry

Various minerals (e.g., Quartz varieties like Rose Quartz, Amethyst; Peridot; Garnet; etc.)

Labradorite

Labradorite (a variety of Plagioclase Feldspar), Na(AlSi3O8) to Ca(Al2Si2O8)

Sandstone Cobble with Liesegang Rings

Arenite with iron oxide precipitation (SiO2 matrix with Fe2O3 banding)

Tumbled Obsidian (possibly Mahogany Obsidian variant)

Volcanic Glass (Amorphous Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)