Mineral (Silicate Replaced Organic Material)

Bouncy Ball (Synthetic Rubber Polymer)

Polybutadiene / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)

Granite

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Baroque Pearl (and potentially a small Sapphire/Blue Topaz)

Pearl: Calcium Carbonate (aragonite or calcite) with conchiolin. Sapphire: Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3). Blue Topaz: Al2SiO4(F,OH)2.

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride - CaF2)

Calcite

Calcite (Mineral; CaCO₃)

Jewelry Chain with Blue and Clear Gemstones (Likely Cubic Zirconia)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO₂), Silver or White Gold/Platinum Alloy

Brachiopod Fossil (Spiriferid)

Order Spiriferida (Phylum Brachiopoda); mineralized as Calcite (CaCO3) or Chert (SiO2)

Muscovite Mica

Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Goldstone (Red)

Aventurine Glass

Pebble or Cobble (likely composed of sandstone or conglomerate)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (specific name like sandstone, conglomerate, or breccia would require microscopic analysis of clast size and angularity)

Conglomerate

Conglomerate

Serpentinite (Serpentine Rock)

Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals, chiefly antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite, with the general formula (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4. Often includes other minerals like magnetite, talc, and chromite.

River Cobble (likely Sandstone or Siltstone type)

Sandstone or Siltstone (common rock types that form river cobbles)

Agate (or Banded Agate)

Agate (a variety of Chalcedony, which is a cryptocrystalline form of Quartz); Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide)

Granite (likely a river or beach pebble)

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

Marble

Metamorphosed Limestone/Dolomite

Sapphire (likely blue synthetic sapphire or blue glass in a ring)

Corundum (Al₂O₃), specifically the blue variety due to trace amounts of iron and titanium impurities. If synthetic, it would still be Al₂O₃.

Serpentinite (Serpentine Rock)

Primarily composed of serpentine group minerals, such as antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite. Chemical formula for serpentine minerals is (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4.

Pebble (likely Quartz or Chert)

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) - referring to the likely main mineral composition, Quartz. If it's chert, the scientific name remains SiO₂ with a microcrystalline structure.

Basalt

Basalt (dominated by plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene)

Blue Goldstone

Synthetic Avanturine Glass (or Aventurine Glass)

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Sandstone (likely a river or beach pebble)

Sandstone (a clastic sedimentary rock)

Pumice

Pumice (volcanic rock)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Quartzite

Quartzite

Iron Slag

Iron/Steel Slag (Ferrosilicate Glass)

Banded Jasper (Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

Synthetic Resin Charm (Seal Shape)

Polymer Resin with plastic glitter / Polyethylene terephthalate glitters

Transit Token (RTD Denver)

Nickel-plated brass or bronze alloy (Cu-Sn-Zn-Ni)

Quartz

Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Fuchsite Quartzite

Fuchsite-bearing Quartzite

Orange Tabby (Felis catus)

Felis silvestris catus (variety: Red Mackerel Tabby)

Hand-Drawn Trading Card (Amateur Artwork)

Cellulose-based substrate with wax/graphite/ink deposit (n/a for minerals)

Sea Glass (Teal/Turquoise)

Amorphous Silica (SiO2) with trace metal oxides

Iron Ore / Ironstone Concretion

Mixture of iron oxide/hydroxide minerals, likely some combination of Hematite (Fe2O3), Goethite (α-FeOOH), and Limonite (a general term for hydrated iron oxides of variable composition) or potentially Bauxite (a mixture of aluminum hydroxides, often with iron oxides, (Al(OH)3) and FeO(OH)). The visual characteristics strongly suggest iron-rich material.

Ocean Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Calcite (or Alabaster, if truly carved)

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Fossilized Favosites (Honeycomb Coral)

Favosites (extinct genus of tabulate coral)

Fossilized Brachiopod

Brachiopoda (Class Rhynchonellata or Spiriferida)

Fossilized Turritella Gastropod (Internal Mold)

Turritella (Fossil Gastropod Crust)

Quartz (Engineered Stone Countertop)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with polymer resins