Mineral (Synthetic)

Asphalt / Road Aggregate

Bituminous Conglomerate (synthetic)

Synthetic Sapphire and Ion-X Glass

Single-crystal Alumina (Al2O3) and Ion-strengthened Aluminosilicate Glass

Cubic Zirconia (Faceted)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Garden Quartz (Lodalite)

Silicon Dioxide with various mineral inclusions (SiO2)

Man-made Synthetic Material (Not a rock or mineral)

Polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) / Faux Fur

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Crackled Quartz (Dyed)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Digital Multimeter (Synthetic Object)

Digital Multimeter (DMM)

Diamond (Faceted Colorless)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Cubic Zirconia (as a jewelry specimen)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalized Glass

Carborundum (Silicon Carbide)

Silicon carbide (SiC)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Moissanite (SiC)

Plastic Building Toy (Lego-style piece)

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Emerald in Matrix

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (Simulated Opal)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Dyed Alum or Dyed Quartz (Ornamental Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) or Potassium Alum [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O]

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Cobalt Glass Slug (Man-made Glass)

Amorphous Silica with Cobalt Oxide (SiO2 + CoO)

Costume Jewelry Gemstones (Emerald-imitation and semi-precious beads)

BeCuAl6Si6O18 (Beryl structure), frequently simulated by glass or synthetic spinel

Dyed Agate Slice

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial dyes

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Crystallized Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (SiO2 + impurities)

Moissanite

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Opalite

Synthetic Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Cat's Eye Moonstone (Simulated/Synthetic or natural Cat's Eye Quartz/Glass)

There is no single scientific name. The appearance suggests either: Moonstone (feldspar group), Cat's Eye Quartz (SiO2), Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)), or most likely a synthetic material such as Fiber Optic Glass or 'Opalite' (a type of glass).

Blue Goldstone

Aventurine Glass

Opalite

Man-made Glass (Synthetic Opalized Glass)

Faceted Diamond or Cubic Zirconia

Carbon (C) for Diamond; Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) for CZ

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Moissanite (SiC), though mostly synthetic

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Amber (Simulated/Faturan Style)

Resin mix (Likely Phenolic/Celluloid if synthetic, Succinite if natural)

Pearl and Garnet Glass

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) for pearl; Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) for glass

Opalite

Synthetically produced glass (Silicon Dioxide with metallic inclusions)

Synthetic Ruby (Jewel Bearings)

Synthetic Corundum (Al2O3 doped with Chromium)

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Goldstone (Brown)

Aventurine glass

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium)