Mineralized Fossil

Fossilized bone fragment

Petrified bone, mineral-replaced vertebrate bone; exact taxon indeterminate

Fossilized bone fragment, possibly vertebrate jaw or limb bone

Petrified/fossil bone; taxonomic identification requires microscopy and provenance

Fossilized turtle shell or carapace

Testudines indeterminate; shell mainly fossilized calcium-carbonate bone (apatite)

Fossilized wood (petrified wood)

Silicified fossil wood; commonly quartz/chalcedony (SiO₂) replacing wood

Fossilized crinoid columnal (likely crinoid stem segment)

Crinoidea; commonly preserved as calcite, CaCO₃

Fossiliferous Limestone

Sedimentary rock containing Indeterminate Fossil remains (likely Crinoid stem or Bryozoan fragment)

Possible fossilized shell or fossil fragment

Indeterminate; possibly a small brachiopod or gastropod fossil in mineralized matrix

Fossilized Horse Tooth

Equus sp. (fossilized molar)

Fossilized Shark Tooth

Carcharocles sp. or Striatolamia sp. (Phosphate/Carbonate mineralized Hydroxyapatite)

Fossilized shell or small fossil fragment

Indeterminate fossil; possibly a partial gastropod or bivalve, mineralized with calcite

Fossil mammalian skull

Fossilized vertebrate bone; exact taxon cannot be determined from the image

Fossil brachiopod shell

Brachiopoda; likely a ribbed terebratulid or spiriferid brachiopod

Fossilized bone fragment, possibly vertebrate tooth or jaw

Mineralized vertebrate bone; commonly apatite [Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl)] replacing original bone

Polished fossilized wood (likely petrified wood)

Silicified wood; commonly quartz (SiO₂) replacing wood tissue

Possible fossilized ammonite or concretion

Indeterminate fossil specimen; possibly an ammonoid mold/cast in iron-rich sedimentary rock

Fossiliferous Rock (likely Dinosaur Fossil in Matrix)

Permineralized Vertebrate Fossil (Calcium Carbonate/Silica replaced bone material)

Fossilized oyster shell

Bivalvia; likely an oyster (Ostreidae), partly mineralized with calcite

Fossil brachiopod shell

Likely a ribbed orthid or productid brachiopod; exact genus cannot be determined from this image

Red Sandstone (Iron-stained)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily Quartz with Iron Oxides)

Fossilized Horn Coral

Rugosa (Tetracoralla)

Fossilized coral or stromatoporoid fragment

Likely tabulate coral (order Tabulata) or stromatoporoid; exact identification requires microscopy

Fossilized bone, likely a large mammal limb bone

Mineralized cortical bone; exact taxon indeterminate from the image

Tooth or shell fragment (likely fossilized marine material)

Indeterminate; possibly a fossil fish tooth or mollusk shell fragment composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)

Quartz-veined dark metamorphic rock

Likely quartz-bearing hornfels, amphibolite, or altered basalt; exact identification requires a fresh surface and tests

Polished ammonite fossil

Ammonoidea (fossil cephalopod), likely a small planispiral ammonite in limestone/mudstone

Fossilized bivalve shell

Calcitic or aragonitic mollusk shell, commonly Bivalvia; exact species indeterminate

Fossil coral (likely honeycomb/tabulate coral)

Fossilized colonial coral; possibly Favositidae (Favosites)

Mammoth Tooth

Mammuthus primigenius (Tooth fragment)

Fossilized Horn Coral

Rugosa (Order)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Polished fossil shell, likely orthocone nautiloid

Orthoceras-type fossil; fossilized cephalopod shell, commonly marketed as Orthoceras

Fossilized stromatolite or laminated microbial mat

Layered carbonate/chert fossil; exact taxon indeterminate from the image

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (primarily SiO2)

Orthoceras Fossil in Limestone

Orthoceras (extinct genus of cephalopods), mineralized as Calcite (CaCO3) in Fossiliferous Limestone

Polished fossil shell fragment

Likely fossilized bivalve shell; mineralized aragonite/calcite (exact taxon indeterminate)

Hematite pseudomorph after a fossil or mineralized object (likely iron-oxide concretion)

Hematite, Fe₂O₃, possibly limonite/goethite-bearing

Fossil bone or tooth fragment

Indeterminate fossilized vertebrate bone/tooth; taxonomic identification is not possible from this blurred image

Brachiopod Fossil (Spiriferid)

Order Spiriferida (Phylum Brachiopoda); mineralized as Calcite (CaCO3) or Chert (SiO2)

Fossil brachiopod in iron-rich matrix

Brachiopoda fossil; matrix likely limonite/goethite with carbonate shell

Fossil Shark Tooth (Otodus obliquus)

Otodus obliquus; hydroxyapatite (mineralized form Ca5(PO4)3(OH))

Fossilized tooth or jaw fragment (likely fish or reptile)

Indeterminate vertebrate bone/tooth; mineralized hydroxyapatite, commonly Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)

Fossiliferous wood / petrified wood fragment

Silicified or partially mineralized wood (fossil wood; commonly quartz/chalcedony replacement)