Mineralized Fossil

Gastropod Fossil (Snail Stone or Steinkern)

Class Gastropoda (Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3 / Silica - SiO2 replacing original shell)

Fossilized vertebra, likely mammalian

Mineralized vertebral centrum and neural arch; exact taxon indeterminate from the image

Possible fossilized bone or tooth fragment

Indeterminate fossilized vertebrate material; mineralized hydroxyapatite replaced or coated by silica/carbonate

Fossilized bone fragment, possibly dinosaur or large mammal bone

Fossil bone; mineralized apatite (carbonate-fluorapatite), commonly Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,OH)

Fossilized Sand Tiger Shark Tooth

Carcharias taurus / Striatolamia macrota (mineralized as Hydroxylapatite/Francolite)

Fossilized bone fragment, possibly mammalian long bone

Mineralized bone (commonly apatite, Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH,F,Cl), replacing original bone)

Fossil bivalve shell

Likely an internal mold or mineralized shell of a brachiopod or small bivalve; exact taxonomy requires locality and diagnostic details

Fossilized bivalve shell fragment

Fossil mollusk shell, likely a pectinid or related bivalve; original shell composed mainly of aragonite or calcite, now partly mineralized

Probable fossil-bearing rock or mineral concretion

Unidentified carbonate-rich concretion with a possible fossil inclusion

Unknown brown-and-gold rock fragment

Undetermined; possibly iron-stained quartz, mica schist, or sulfide-bearing ore

Polished amber cabochon

Amber (fossilized plant resin; chiefly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with variable organic compounds)

Crinoid Stem Fossil in Matrix

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Crinoidea

Likely vesicular basalt with weathering minerals

Basalt, primarily plagioclase and pyroxene, with possible iron oxides and secondary zeolite/carbonate minerals

Shale

Laminated Mudstone

Fossil oyster shell

Oyster (family Ostreidae); shell composed chiefly of calcite (CaCO₃)

Likely weathered granite or granitic pegmatite fragment

Granite; chiefly quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, and mica/amphibole

Fossiliferous limestone (likely a crinoidal or shell-fragment limestone)

Bioclastic limestone, composed chiefly of calcite (CaCO₃)

Fossilized Shell Fragment

Bivalvia or Gastropoda (Class) fragment

Rounded sedimentary pebble

Likely micritic limestone or calcareous sandstone

Fossiliferous limestone, possibly coral-bearing

Calcitic limestone (mostly CaCO₃; fossil fragments may include ancient colonial coral or shell material)

Chert with Fossil Brachiopod

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with Calcitic Brachiopod inclusion

Brachiopod Fossil

Phylum Brachiopoda (likely Order Rhynchonellida or Spiriferida)

Fossiliferous limestone

Bioclastic carbonate rock; predominantly calcite (CaCO₃), with fossil shell fragments

Sedimentary Outcrop (Sandstone/Shale)

Sedimentary bedrock formation (variable composition)

Iron-stained quartz vein rock

Quartz-rich vein material, predominantly SiO₂, with iron oxyhydroxides (goethite/limonite) and likely sulfide alteration

Fossilized Shark Tooth (Partial) or Coprolite

Elasmobranchii (fossil) or Coprolite (trace fossil)

Fossiliferous limestone concretion

Calcite-rich limestone (primarily CaCO₃), possibly containing a fossil shell or coral fragment

Probable fossilized coral

Fossil coral; exact coral group and species cannot be determined from the image

Fossilized Tooth Fragment

Vertebrate Fossil (Mammalia indet.)

Bivalve Seashell Fossil

Class Bivalvia

Quartz vein material, likely milky quartz with iron staining

Quartz (SiO₂), possibly with feldspar and iron-oxide staining

Porphyritic basalt (likely amygdaloidal basalt)

Basalt, a mafic volcanic rock; predominantly plagioclase and pyroxene, commonly with olivine and secondary zeolite/copper minerals

Fossil in Shale

Fossiliferous Shale

Weathered limestone pebble

Calcite-rich limestone (primarily CaCO₃)

Weathered fossiliferous limestone

Calcitic limestone; predominantly calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), commonly containing fossil fragments

Crinoid Stem Fossils (Indian Beads / St. Cuthbert's Beads)

Crinoid columnal ossicles (phylum Echinodermata)

Shark Tooth Fossil

Chondrichthyes fossil

Fossil shell

Likely a fossilized marine bivalve shell; exact taxon is indeterminate from the image.

Fossilized Shark Tooth

Chondrichthyes (Class) fossil

Likely fossiliferous limestone

Calcite-rich limestone, mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO₃); exact identification requires closer examination

Small weathered fossil or mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly fossilized shell, bone, or a pale carbonate mineral

Fossiliferous Limestone or Shale

Biomicrite (if limestone) or Fossiliferous Shale