Mineraloid

Green Obsidian Sphere (man-made glass)

Vitreous Silica with Chromium/Iron additives

Sugilite

Sugilite (KNa2(Fe,Mn,Al)2Li3Si12O30)

Pearl (likely Freshwater or Akoya Cultured)

Aragonite / Conchiolin composite (CaCO3)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Granite (likely a river or beach pebble)

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Hypersthene (or Enstatite/Ferrosilite)

Orthopyroxene series (Mg,Fe)SiO3 - specifically, historically hypersthene (intermediate member) now referred to as Enstatite (Mg-rich) or Ferrosilite (Fe-rich)

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Tektite (Indochinite)

Tektite (High-silica natural glass)