Nephrite Jade (River Bed Pebble)
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
metamorphic
Category
Organic Gem Material (Botanical)
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Mica-rich pegmatite (likely muscovite-bearing quartz–feldspar rock)
Granitic pegmatite composed mainly of quartz, feldspar and muscovite; exact identification requires testing
igneous
Rough Ruby
Corundum (Al2O3) with Chromium traces
mineral
Opalite crescent pendant
Opalite (man-made opalescent glass; not a natural mineral)
gemstone
Tumbled sodalite
Sodalite, Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)Cl₂
mineral
Rounded quartz-rich pebble
Likely quartzite or quartz-bearing sandstone; composition mainly SiO₂ with possible feldspar and iron-oxide impurities
sedimentary
Chert (often called Flint when found in chalk)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Travertine
Calcareous Tufa / Travertine (CaCO3)
sedimentary
Peridotite
Peridotite (primarily Olivine and Pyroxene)
igneous
Red Jasper (River Siltstone)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions
sedimentary
Banded chert (likely flint or jasperoid)
Microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony, SiO₂
sedimentary
Botryoidal hematite/goethite specimen
Hematite (Fe₂O₃), likely with goethite (FeO(OH)) and minor limonite
mineral
Botryoidal hematite/goethite specimen
Hematite (Fe₂O₃), likely mixed with goethite (FeO(OH))
mineral
Granite Gneiss
Gneiss (High-grade metamorphic rock)
metamorphic
Polished black-and-golden tourmaline
Schorl–dravite tourmaline, commonly represented by black schorl over brown dravite
mineral
Red Sandstone
Sandstone (Quartz Arenite / Arkose with Hematite cement)
sedimentary
Polished plume agate
Chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂) with iron-oxide inclusions
mineral
Chert (River Pebble)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Raw aquamarine-bearing beryl
Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; blue-green color is caused mainly by iron impurities
mineral
Milky quartz
Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)
mineral
Small brown mineral/rock fragment
Uncertain; possibly iron-oxide-stained quartz, jasper, or a weathered ironstone fragment
mineral
Rough Emerald
Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities
gemstone
Polished ruby-in-fuchsite (probable)
Corundum (Al₂O₃) with green fuchsite mica (Cr-muscovite), possibly zoisite/amphibole
metamorphic
Chert (Common Opal or Agate)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Brown Chert
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Chert (Common Opal/Agatized Rock)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with potential Chalcedony/Opaline silica
sedimentary
Petrified Wood
Silicified wood (SiO2)
fossil
Fossilized Brachiopod
Brachiopoda (Phylum)
fossil
Petrified Wood
Silicified Wood (SiO2)
fossil
Jasper
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Petrified Wood
Silicified wood / Permineralized wood (SiO2)
fossil
Mammoth or Mastodon Tooth Fossil
Mammuthus / Mammut tooth
fossil
Jasper
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) microcrystalline quartz
sedimentary
Jasper
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Jasper
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Fossilized Bone
Permineralized Vertebrate Bone
fossil
Shark Tooth Fossil
Vertebrate fossilized tooth (Chondrichthyes)
fossil
Shark Tooth Fossil
Vertebrate fossilized tooth
fossil
Chert (specifically Flint or Jasper variant)
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Pyrite
Iron Sulfide (FeS2)
mineral
Chert (Jasper variety)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary