Organic Gem Material (Botanical)

Petrified Wood

Petrified Wood (Silicified Wood)

Aquamarine (Small Beads)

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with traces of iron)

Polished black labradorite heart

Labradorite, a calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar: approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8

Raw pale-green beryl (likely aquamarine)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; blue-green variety is aquamarine

Vesicular basalt (likely weathered scoria)

Basaltic volcanic rock; chiefly plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine with vesicles

Turquoise Beads

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Tiger’s eye

Quartz (SiO₂), fibrous pseudomorph after crocidolite

Red Jasper

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2 with Iron Oxide impurities)

Greenstone (likely altered basalt or metabasalt)

Chlorite–actinolite-rich metabasalt; composition commonly dominated by chlorite, actinolite, epidote, albite, and quartz

Mixed Polished Gemstones (Tumbled Stones)

Mixed Silicates and Oxides (SiO2, KAlSi3O8, Ca2Al2Be3Si6O22, etc.)

Tumbled ruby-bearing corundum

Corundum (Al₂O₃), likely ruby variety

Tumbled tourmalinated quartz

Quartz (SiO₂) with black tourmaline (schorl, NaFe₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄) inclusions

Fossilized bone fragment

Fossil bone, composed chiefly of carbonate-fluorapatite (bioapatite)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Mother of Pearl (Nacre)

Aragonite (CaCO3) with Organic Matrix

Natural turquoise-bearing rock

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O, likely in a limonite or host-rock matrix

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Turquoise

Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Red cabochon gemstone ring (likely glass or synthetic stone)

Undetermined; the image does not establish a natural mineral identity

Microcline Feldspar

KAlSi3O8

Small metallic-looking rock fragment

Uncertain; possibly galena-bearing ore or mica-rich schist

Polished labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Tumbled amethyst

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Peridot (Olivine)

Olivine ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

Ruby (faceted gemstone in a ring)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color typically from trace chromium

Olivine in Basalt

Peridotite / Forsterite ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4)

Small rounded pebble, likely quartz-rich stone

Indeterminate; possibly quartzite or light-colored granitoid, composed mainly of quartz and feldspar

Red garnet bead

Likely almandine–pyrope garnet, garnet-group silicate (approximately Fe₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂–Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂)

Red Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Red glass-like crystal, likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Uncertain from image; possible corundum (ruby), Al₂O₃, or synthetic glass

Iron-rich sandstone or weathered ironstone fragment

Ferruginous sandstone; chiefly quartz (SiO₂) cemented or stained by iron oxides such as hematite/goethite

Brown weathered river pebble

Indeterminate lithology; likely ferruginous sandstone, mudstone, or weathered volcanic rock

Red Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with iron inclusions

Polished opal-like chalcedony

Cryptocrystalline silica, SiO₂; likely common opal or pale chalcedony, with identification limited by the photograph

Larimar (blue pectolite)

Pectolite, NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH), commonly copper-bearing blue variety

Ammonite Fossil (Iridiscent)

Ammonoidea (subclass)

Diamond (set in jewelry)

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Clear quartz beads (likely rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Diamond

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Likely rough blue-gray kyanite

Kyanite, Al₂SiO₅

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Black Onyx and Mother of Pearl

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2) and Nacre (Calcium Carbonate)