Organic Gem Material (Botanical)

Limestone and Quartz Gravel with Petrified Wood

Sedimentary gravel aggregate and fossilized wood

Jasper

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Fossil Shark Tooth

Chondrichthyes (Class)

Faceted yellow-green gemstone, likely peridot

Olivine, typically forsterite-rich (Mg₂SiO₄)

Diamond ring

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C)

Quartz-rich granitic rock (likely granite or granitic pegmatite)

Granite/pegmatite; chiefly quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, and mica

Labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, a calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Weathered quartz-rich rock, possibly quartzite or quartz vein fragment

Quartzite (mostly microcrystalline SiO₂), identification uncertain from image

Weathered quartz-rich rock, possibly granite or quartzite

Indeterminate; likely quartz–feldspar aggregate, such as granite, or recrystallized quartzite

Pumice

Pumice, a highly vesicular volcanic glass composed mainly of rhyolitic to dacitic silicate material

Weathered vesicular basalt (likely amygdaloidal basalt)

Basalt; chiefly plagioclase, pyroxene, and minor olivine/iron oxides, with possible secondary zeolite or calcite fillings

Blue-dotted quartzite (likely blue quartz)

Quartzite; predominantly quartz (SiO₂), with minor blue inclusions or fibrous minerals

Tumbled amethyst

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Red sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich ferruginous sandstone, likely arkose or subarkose

Vesicular basalt (likely scoria)

Vesicular basalt; predominantly plagioclase, pyroxene, and possibly olivine

Pegmatitic granite

Coarse-grained granite/pegmatite, chiefly quartz, feldspar, and mica

Weathered quartz-rich pebble

Likely quartzite or silicified sandstone; composition chiefly microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide staining

Weathered vesicular volcanic rock, likely scoria

Scoria (vesicular basalt), composed chiefly of plagioclase, pyroxene, and iron-rich glass

Rounded greenstone (likely serpentinite or chlorite-rich metamorphic rock)

Serpentinite/chlorite-actinolite schist; composition commonly dominated by serpentine-group minerals, chlorite, actinolite, magnetite, and minor iron oxides

Weathered quartz-rich pebble, likely sandstone or quartzite

Quartzite (SiO₂), possibly ferruginous sandstone

Biotite-rich granite or granitic gneiss

Granite/granitic gneiss; chiefly quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, and biotite mica

Banded gneiss pebble

Biotite–quartz–feldspar gneiss (composition variable)

Weathered basalt cobble

Basalt, a fine-grained mafic volcanic rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene, with possible olivine and iron oxides

Quartz River Pebble

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Iron-rich lateritic soil / weathered ferruginous rock

Laterite, primarily hydrated iron oxides (goethite/limonite) with clay minerals and quartz

Blue sapphire

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored blue mainly by iron and titanium

Clear faceted gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); exact identity cannot be confirmed from the glare-heavy image

Weathered mineralized rock fragment

Indeterminate; likely quartz–feldspar-rich lithic material with iron-oxide staining

Polished tiger’s-eye / iron-rich quartzite

Quartz (SiO₂), commonly pseudomorphic tiger’s-eye with limonite/goethite and remnants of crocidolite fibers

Blue gemstone, likely tumbled sapphire or blue spinel

Corundum (Al₂O₃) if sapphire; alternatively spinel (MgAl₂O₄)

Chert / Flint

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Fossilized Bone Fragment

Vertebrate Fossil

Olivine (Peridot)

Magnesium Iron Silicate ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

Tumbled greenstone (likely serpentine or nephrite jade)

Serpentine-group minerals, commonly antigorite; possibly nephrite, a fibrous aggregate of amphibole (actinolite–tremolite)

Amazonite (green microcline feldspar)

Microcline, KAlSi₃O₈

Tumbled dark stone, likely basalt

Basalt; primarily plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and commonly olivine

Tumbled brown quartz crystal (likely smoky quartz or iron-stained quartz)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Red gemstone ring, likely synthetic ruby or red glass

Unidentified red faceted stone; ruby is corundum (Al₂O₃)

Iron-rich rock, likely hematite/goethite-rich ironstone

Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), possibly mixed with goethite (FeO(OH)) and gangue minerals

Pale green rough crystal, likely green fluorite

Fluorite (CaF₂), tentative visual identification

Iron-stained quartz-rich rock, possibly ironstone or quartz-vein material

Quartz (SiO₂) with iron oxides/hydroxides; exact host rock cannot be determined from the image

Likely weathered greenstone

Metabasalt (greenstone), composed chiefly of chlorite, actinolite, epidote, and albite