Organic Gemstone (Fossilized Resin)

Blue-green turquoise (probable)

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Dendritic Opal (Merlinite)

Hydrated Silica with Manganese/Iron oxide inclusions (SiO2·nH2O)

Carnelian (orange chalcedony)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; chalcedony variety colored mainly by iron oxides

Fossil plant impression slab

Fossilized plant compression/impression; exact taxon indeterminate from the image

Turquoise

Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Pearl (in a decorative hair comb setting)

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) primarily as Aragonite, bonded with Conchiolin

Fossilized Wood (with Coal and Limonite)

Petrified Wood (Silicified or Carbonized Flora)

Blue-green polished gemstone, likely turquoise

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Polished turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, hydrous copper-aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Fossilized Wood (Petrified Wood)

Silicified Wood (primarily quartz/chalcedony replacing organic matter)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood / Xylopal

Polished white chalcedony or quartz pendant

Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Freshwater Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) - Aragonite/Calcite organic composite

Polished citrine-like quartz (possibly yellow glass or coated quartz)

Quartz, SiO₂; yellow variety commonly called citrine

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Crinoid Stem Fossil (Indian Bead)

Crinoid ossicle (Echinodermata)

Shark Tooth Fossil

Otodus obliquus (or similar prehistoric lamniform shark tooth)

Polished bloodstone (heliotrope), possibly brecciated jasper

Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂) with iron-oxide inclusions; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Polished agate/chalcedony fragment

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely banded chalcedony or agate

Kambaba Jasper

Stromatolite (Fossilized Algae)

Carnelian agate fragment

Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz), SiO₂, colored by iron oxides

Petoskey Stone (Fossilized Coral)

Hexagonaria percarinata (CaCO3)

Pearl

Calcium carbonate with conchiolin (CaCO3)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Pearl

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of aragonite

Turquoise

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Engineered Quartz

Silicon dioxide composite

Turquoise ring stone (likely stabilized or dyed turquoise)

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Fossil gastropod shell

Fossilized marine gastropod; exact genus/species cannot be determined from the image

Fossilized shell or bone fragment

Indeterminate biogenic carbonate/phosphate fossil; likely a fragment of fossil shell or small vertebrate bone

Mookaite Jasper

Silicified Radiolarite (SiO2)

Chert (Chert Nodule with Cortex)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Fossilized stromatolite or laminated microbial mat

Layered carbonate/chert fossil; exact taxon indeterminate from the image

Banded Agate

Cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz (SiO2)

Carved translucent jade pendant

Likely nephrite jade (actinolite–tremolite series); possibly jadeite or chalcedony, identification requires testing

Polished gemstone tower assortment

Primarily quartz varieties and simulants; apparent amethyst (SiO₂), rose quartz (SiO₂), clear quartz (SiO₂), fluorite (CaF₂), sodalite, malachite, and possibly dyed or composite stones

Quartz (Clear Quartz/Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Polished orange chalcedony or carnelian

Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely carnelian

Blue turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely dyed or stabilized, flower-shaped polished piece

Shark Tooth Fossil

Otodus sp. (possibly Cretalamna)

Weathered Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock

Fossilized bivalve shell fragment

Calcitic shell material, commonly Arca or related marine bivalve; primarily CaCO₃