Organic Gemstone (Not A Rock Or Mineral In The Traditional Sense, But Bio Mineralized Material)

Amber

Resinite / Fossilized Tree Resin

Vesicular basalt (likely weathered basalt scoria)

Basalt; predominantly plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and iron-rich minerals, with possible secondary zeolite/calcite coatings

Carved red coral bead (likely coral or coral-colored resin)

Corallium spp. (precious coral; calcium carbonate, CaCO₃)

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Petrified Wood

Silicified Paleoxylon (SiO2)

Likely weathered basalt

Basalt; fine-grained mafic rock composed mainly of plagioclase, pyroxene, and commonly olivine or iron oxides

Quartz-rich hydrothermal vein rock

Milky quartz with iron-oxide staining, possibly quartzite or silicified host rock (SiO₂)

Pearl

Aragonite (CaCO3) with Conchiolin

Ammonite Fossil (Small Pyritized or Calcitized Internal Mold)

Ammonoidea

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (primarily SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)

Bloodstone

Heliotrope (a variety of Cryptocrystalline Quartz / Jasper, SiO2)

Ironstone Concretion (Boxwork)

Siderite-Limonite Concretion (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Hag Stone

Perforated sedimentary rock (typically limestone, sandstone, or flint)

Rose Quartz (or Quartzite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Garnet (likely Almandine or Pyrope)

Garnet Group (Fe3Al2Si3O12 or Mg3Al2Si3O12)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amber

Succinite (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Shark Tooth Fossil

Carcharocles megalodon or similar extinct shark tooth

Sandstone (with carbonaceous plant fragments)

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Turquoise, Pearl, and Coral Necklace

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Turquoise) / CaCO3 (Pearl and Coral)

Sandstone

Arenite

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (primarily quartz, SiO2)

River Rock (Basalt or Sandstone)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock or Extrusive Mafic Igneous Rock

Ruby (Raw Corundum)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide with Chromium), Al2O3:Cr

Conglomerate

Conglomerate (clastic sedimentary rock)

White jade (likely nephrite) beads

Nephrite jade, an interlocking amphibole aggregate dominated by tremolite–actinolite; exact identification requires testing

Fossilized Bone / Dinosaur Fossil

Fossilized vertebrate bone (permineralized)

Blue-green copper mineralized rock, likely chrysocolla-bearing sandstone or copper ore

Chrysocolla (hydrated copper aluminosilicate; approximate formula (Cu,Al)₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O), possibly with malachite and copper oxides in a sandstone host

Clay (as a rock-forming material)

Clay minerals (e.g., Kaolinite group, Smectite group, Illite group, Chlorite group)

Moonstone

Orthoclase (Potassium Aluminum Silicate, KAlSi3O8) with inclusions of Albite

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)

Concretion (likely iron-rich sandstone or claystone concretion)

Diagenetic carbonate/iron-oxide concretion; exact mineralogy requires testing

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) - mainly Aragonite and Calcite

Sandstone with Vitrinite/Coal inclusions

Arenite with Carbonaceous inclusions

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (primarily Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Spessartine Garnet

Manganese aluminum silicate (Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3)

Petrified Wood

Silicified wood (primarily Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Smoky Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Tumbled carnelian (likely orange chalcedony)

Carnelian, a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz; SiO₂, commonly colored by iron oxides

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (Permineralized organic matter, głównie $SiO_2$)

Tumbled moss agate (likely)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), with iron/manganese inclusions

Petrified Wood

Silicified Wood (SiO2)