Synthetic (Man Made Material Mimicking Natural Stone)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Decorated turquoise-like bead or mineral pendant

Likely turquoise [CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O], possibly dyed composite or blue-green jasper

Ametrine

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with iron impurities)

Wood Beads (Palmwood/Ebony)

Various species for wood, but often refers to woods like Palmwood (e.g., Borassus flabellifer) or Ebony (Diospyros spp.) for their distinctive grain and hardness.

Dyed Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic dyes

Polished rutilated quartz cabochon

Quartz (SiO₂) with rutile inclusions (TiO₂)

Asphalt

Asphalt concrete (engineered material, not a naturally occurring rock/mineral in this form)

Blue gemstone ring, likely sapphire

Corundum, Al₂O₃ (probable blue sapphire); surrounding stones may be diamonds or simulants

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Rough Corundum (Sapphire/Ruby mixture)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide, Al2O3)

Sandstone (specifically Arkose or Quartz Arenite)

Arenite (primarily SiO2 with possible Feldspar)

Blue Quartz / Glass Gemstone Pendant

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) or Synthetic Glass

Probable amber fragment

Amber (fossilized plant resin; chiefly amorphous organic resin, commonly dominated by succinite)

Asphalt aggregate

Human-made bituminous asphalt containing crushed silicate rock aggregate

Stone bead bracelet

Unidentified polished natural-stone beads; possibly wood-grain jasper, agate, or serpentine

Polished turquoise cabochon pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper-aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely stabilized or matrix-bearing material

Tumbled black stone, likely black obsidian

Obsidian; volcanic glass, typically rhyolitic composition (SiO₂-rich)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Multicolored beryl gemstone bracelet

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; likely mixed aquamarine, morganite, heliodor, and green beryl beads

Stamped concrete made to resemble flagstone

Portland-cement concrete with decorative stone-textured finish

Natural or Cultured Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite and Conchiolin), CaCO3

Staurolite (Cross Stone)

Staurolite (Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH))

Blue chalcedony bead necklace

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly blue-dyed or blue-gray natural chalcedony

Diamond-set letter “L” jewelry piece

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C) set in a metal mount; the metal is not identifiable from the image

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Lapis lazuli and green-blue chalcedony jewelry

Lapis lazuli: lazurite-bearing metamorphic rock, chiefly lazurite (Na₃Ca(Al₃Si₃O₁₂)S) with calcite and pyrite; second stone: likely chrysoprase or green-blue chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Blue Slag Glass

Amorphous Silica (Byproduct of smelting)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3) with traces of Iron and Titanium

Cubic Zirconia (Faceted Gemstone)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Tektite

Impactite (Natural Silicate Glass)

Jade bangle

Likely nephrite jade (actinolite–tremolite amphibole); possibly jadeite

Pearl-embellished decorative cross

Pearl (biogenic calcium carbonate, predominantly aragonite) with rhinestone-mounted glass or synthetic gemstones

Cubic Zirconia (CZ) Jewelry

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock (SiO2, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8)

Chert

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Blue-violet faceted gemstone, likely amethyst

Quartz (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Cubic Zirconia (as a jewelry specimen)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Beaded gemstone jewelry (likely amethyst, lapis lazuli, and pearl or glass imitation)

Mixed mineral beads; possible quartz (SiO₂) and lazurite-bearing lapis lazuli

Rounded granite cobble

Granite, a coarse-grained felsic intrusive igneous rock composed chiefly of quartz, feldspar, and mica

Turquoise (likely stabilized or simulated Howlite)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Yellow chalcedony (likely lemon agate or yellow jasper)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; possibly iron-bearing jasper or chrysoprase-like chalcedony

Mixed gemstone jewelry collection

Various gemstone minerals, including likely amethyst (quartz), sapphire or iolite, garnet, pearl, turquoise, and colored beryl or tourmaline