Synthetic (Not A Rock Or Mineral)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue cabochon gemstone ring

Uncertain; likely blue sapphire (corundum, Al₂O₃), blue topaz, or synthetic glass/spinel

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Dyed Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalite (Man-made glass)

Dyed Crackle Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic dye

Opalite (Synthetic Opalized Glass)

Synthetic Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) glass

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Moissanite (SiC), though mostly synthetic

Blue glass-like gemstone, likely synthetic spinel or glass

Uncertain; possibilities include synthetic cobalt-blue spinel (MgAl₂O₄) or cobalt-colored glass

Synthetic Sapphire and Ion-X Glass

Single-crystal Alumina (Al2O3) and Ion-strengthened Aluminosilicate Glass

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Primary mineral: Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2)

Bauxite

Bauxite (Al(OH)3, γ-AlO(OH), and α-AlO(OH))

Spinel

Magnesium Aluminum Oxide (MgAl2O4)

Clear faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (synthetic zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual identification is uncertain and diamond or another colorless stone is possible.

Likely rough amber

Amber (fossilized tree resin; composition varies, commonly dominated by polymerized terpenoids)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Opal ring

Common opal, likely synthetic or assembled blue-green opal (hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Rainbow carborundum (silicon carbide)

Silicon carbide, SiC; commonly synthetic moissanite/carborundum specimen

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Likely weathered brown rock or iron-rich mineral specimen

Indeterminate from image; possible limonite/goethite-rich material

Bauxite (Pisolitic Bauxite)

Bauxite (mixture of Hydrous Aluminum Oxides)

Possible blue sapphire

Corundum (Al₂O₃), possibly blue sapphire

Corundum (Pink Sapphire / Ruby)

Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide)

Quartz (Smoky Quartz variant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Pink granite

Coarse-grained felsic intrusive rock, chiefly quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, and biotite/hornblende

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)₈[(S,Cl,SO₄,OH)₂|(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)], with varying amounts of Calcite, Pyrite, and Sodalite.)

Faceted quartz crystal sphere (likely rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Blue glassy mineral specimen, possibly dyed or synthetic

Uncertain; possible blue fluorite (CaF₂), dyed chalcedony, or man-made glass

Bituminous Coal

Organic-rich sedimentary rock (Complex hydrocarbons)

Mica-rich schist (likely quartz-mica schist)

Quartz–mica schist, commonly containing muscovite and/or biotite with quartz and feldspar

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

C (Carbon) or ZrO2 (Zirconium Dioxide)

Blue druzy quartz cluster

Quartz, SiO₂; blue coloration likely from inclusions or surface treatment

Bauxite

Alumina ore (Mixture of Gibbsite, Boehmite, and Diaspore)

Natural Pearl

Calcium carbonate (primarily Aragonite and Conchiolin), CaCO3

Unidentified gray stone/concrete-like fragment

Indeterminate; likely a fine-grained carbonate or cementitious geological fragment

Faceted purple gemstone, likely amethyst

Amethyst, purple variety of quartz (SiO₂)

Red coral beads

Precious coral, commonly Corallium rubrum (calcium-carbonate skeleton)

Cherry Quartz with Rose Quartz

Crystalline Quartz (SiO2) with glass-based synthetic components

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Zirconia (Ceramic) & Ion-X Glass

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) and Ion-strengthened Aluminosilicate Glass

Likely weathered pebble or mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly quartz-rich stone, iron-stained feldspar, or a small chert fragment