Synthetic (Not A Rock Or Mineral)

Schist

Schist; commonly mica schist, composed chiefly of muscovite/biotite mica with quartz and feldspar

Turquoise ring

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate (CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Sapphire (likely blue synthetic sapphire or blue glass in a ring)

Corundum (Al₂O₃), specifically the blue variety due to trace amounts of iron and titanium impurities. If synthetic, it would still be Al₂O₃.

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Lapis Lazuli

Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock (approx. (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (a variety of coal, predominantly carbon)

Fossilized tooth, likely mammoth or mastodon molar fragment

Proboscidean molar enamel and dentin; Mammuthus or Mammut sp. (tentative)

Milky Quartz

Crystalline Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium trace)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Turquoise cabochon or turquoise-bearing material

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Bismuth Crystal

Bismuth (element symbol Bi, atomic number 83)

Corundum

Corundum (Al2O3)

Lapis Lazuli

Na8(Al6Si6O24)S2 (Lazurite is the primary constituent mineral)

Biotite schist (mica-rich metamorphic rock)

Mica schist, chiefly quartz, feldspar, and biotite mica

Tumbled hematite

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃)

Tumbled hematite

Hematite (Fe₂O₃), commonly sold as “magnetic hematite” when synthetic or magnetized

Turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored by Chromium and/or Vanadium

Faceted color-change gemstone, likely synthetic alexandrite or glass imitation

Alexandrite: chrysoberyl, BeAl₂O₄; exact identification requires gemological testing

Hematite

Hematite (Fe₂O₃), likely a polished specular hematite palm stone

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Purple faceted gemstone, likely amethyst or synthetic colored corundum

Amethyst: quartz (SiO₂); possible alternative: purple corundum (Al₂O₃) or glass

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Uncertain; possible cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) or synthetic glass

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Complex aggregate including Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

Ruby (in jewelry)

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Amethyst cabochon

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), purple variety colored mainly by iron impurities and irradiation

Opalite

Synthetic Glass / Man-made Opal Simulant

Tiger’s eye

Quartz (SiO₂), fibrous pseudomorph after crocidolite

Cubic Zirconia (Man-made)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2) with Enamel and Metal Alloy

Blue Sapphire (in a faceted jewelry setting)

Corundum (Al2O3) with trace Iron and Titanium

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Chalcanthite

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)

Diamond (or synthetic simulant)

Cubic C (Carbon)

Polished gemstone tower assortment

Primarily quartz varieties and simulants; apparent amethyst (SiO₂), rose quartz (SiO₂), clear quartz (SiO₂), fluorite (CaF₂), sodalite, malachite, and possibly dyed or composite stones

Diamond (Faceted Gemstone)

Native Carbon (C)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely quartz

Quartz (SiO₂), probably rock crystal; exact identification is uncertain from the strongly backlit image

Silicon

Crystalline Silicon (Si)

Green Obsidian Sphere (man-made glass)

Vitreous Silica with Chromium/Iron additives

Polished blue stone, likely sodalite or dyed agate

Most consistent with sodalite (Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)Cl₂), though the image cannot confirm composition