Synthetic (Not A Rock Or Mineral)

Cubic Zirconia (Diamond Simulant)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Tumbled basalt (likely vesicular basalt)

Basalt; primarily plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine, with iron oxides

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Dyed Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2)

Blue glass-like gemstone, likely synthetic spinel or glass

Uncertain; possibilities include synthetic cobalt-blue spinel (MgAl₂O₄) or cobalt-colored glass

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Blue cabochon gemstone ring

Uncertain; likely blue sapphire (corundum, Al₂O₃), blue topaz, or synthetic glass/spinel

Opal ring

Common opal, likely synthetic or assembled blue-green opal (hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O)

Ruby (mounted cabochon)

Corundum, Al₂O₃; red color typically from chromium

Spinel

Magnesium Aluminum Oxide (MgAl2O4)

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Lapis Lazuli (polished cabochon)

Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock (approx. Na6Ca2Al6Si6O24(SO4,S,Cl)2)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Quartz (Smoky Quartz variant)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Rainbow carborundum (silicon carbide)

Silicon carbide, SiC; commonly synthetic moissanite/carborundum specimen

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (Simulated Opal)

Pink granite

Coarse-grained felsic intrusive rock, chiefly quartz, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, and biotite/hornblende

Synthetic Sapphire and Ion-X Glass

Single-crystal Alumina (Al2O3) and Ion-strengthened Aluminosilicate Glass

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)₈[(S,Cl,SO₄,OH)₂|(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)], with varying amounts of Calcite, Pyrite, and Sodalite.)

Natural Pearl

Calcium carbonate (primarily Aragonite and Conchiolin), CaCO3

Faceted quartz crystal sphere (likely rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Corundum (Pink Sapphire / Ruby)

Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide)

Opalite

Synthetic glass (SiO2 + metal additions)

Yellow quartz-bearing rock, possibly sulfur-stained quartz or calcite

Indeterminate; likely quartz (SiO₂) and/or calcite (CaCO₃) with yellow iron/sulfur staining

Likely weathered brown rock or iron-rich mineral specimen

Indeterminate from image; possible limonite/goethite-rich material

Blue druzy quartz cluster

Quartz, SiO₂; blue coloration likely from inclusions or surface treatment

Opalite (a synthetic glass)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with various additives; not a true mineral but a man-made gem simulant

Blue glassy mineral specimen, possibly dyed or synthetic

Uncertain; possible blue fluorite (CaF₂), dyed chalcedony, or man-made glass

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

C (Carbon) or ZrO2 (Zirconium Dioxide)

Unidentified gray stone/concrete-like fragment

Indeterminate; likely a fine-grained carbonate or cementitious geological fragment

Rough White Zircon

Zircon (Zirconium Silicate, ZrSiO4)

Strawberry Quartz (or Sunstone / Tumbled Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite/Lepidocrocite inclusions

Green iridescent glass cabochon or synthetic gemstone

Likely synthetic glass; possibly coated synthetic quartz or lab-created green gemstone

Bauxite

Bauxite (Mixture including Gibbsite Al(OH)3, Boehmite γ-AlO(OH), and Diaspore α-AlO(OH))

Polished brecciated jasper

Jasper, an opaque microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), with iron-oxide coloration and possible breccia fragments

Cherry Quartz with Rose Quartz

Crystalline Quartz (SiO2) with glass-based synthetic components

Bituminous Coal

Organic-rich sedimentary rock (Complex hydrocarbons)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalite (Man-made glass)

Dyed Crackle Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic dye