Synthetic Glass

Blue gemstone ring, likely lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli: lazurite-rich metamorphic rock, chiefly (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO)2, commonly with calcite and pyrite

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C) or Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)

Amethyst jewelry centerpiece

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), likely set with colorless diamonds or other gems

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ruby (Rough/Raw)

Corundum (Al2O3:Cr)

Polished gemstone tower assortment

Primarily quartz varieties and simulants; apparent amethyst (SiO₂), rose quartz (SiO₂), clear quartz (SiO₂), fluorite (CaF₂), sodalite, malachite, and possibly dyed or composite stones

Clear faceted gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); visual identification is uncertain because the stone is heavily faceted and photographed with flash

Blue-beaded gemstone jewelry, likely lapis lazuli or dyed blue agate

Uncertain from the image; possible lazurite-bearing lapis lazuli (Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂S) or blue chalcedony (SiO₂)

Blue glassy mineral specimen, possibly blue topaz or aquamarine

Tentatively topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂) or beryl/aquamarine (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈); identification is limited by severe image blur

Turquoise

Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Small faceted gemstone, likely diamond

Diamond (crystalline carbon, C)

Blue glassy mineral specimen, possibly dyed or synthetic

Uncertain; possible blue fluorite (CaF₂), dyed chalcedony, or man-made glass

Clear Quartz (Rock Crystal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Cubic Zirconia and Synthetic Ruby Jewelry

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2) and Synthetic Corundum (Al2O3)

Ruby (Raw Corundum)

Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide)

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C) if diamond, various if simulant

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Colorless faceted gemstone (likely cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂); possibly synthetic quartz or glass imitation

Diamond (or Cut Gemstone / Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C)

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Terrazzo (Synthetic Composite Rock)

Cementitious or Epoxy Resin-bound Aggregates

Green Fluorite (likely synthetic or heat-treated for jewelry)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Emerald

Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆, colored green mainly by chromium and/or vanadium

Agate (Polished Sphere)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Black onyx or black spinel ring stone

Likely chalcedony (SiO₂), variety black onyx; possibly synthetic spinel or glass

Blue gemstone, likely iolite or blue sapphire

Iolite (cordierite, Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈) or corundum (sapphire, Al₂O₃)

Amethyst ring

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), likely set with diamond or other accent stones

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide, SiC

Amber (and Cubic Zirconia)

Fossilized Tree Resin

Faceted citrine-colored gemstone

Likely citrine (quartz, SiO₂); possibly yellow glass or synthetic gem

Goldstone

Avventurina (Cu + SiO2 glass)

Silicon

Element Si

Note on Image Identification: Textile

N/A (Anthropogenic material)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Synthetic cubic zirconia (ZrO₂), tentative; possibly diamond or synthetic moissanite

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Moonstone cabochon (probable)

Adularescent feldspar, usually orthoclase–albite intergrowth (KAlSi3O8–NaAlSi3O8)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue Topaz

Topaz [Al2SiO4(F,OH)2]