Synthetic Polymer (Polylactic Acid)

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber); Fossilized Tree Resin (C10H16O)

Amethyst cabochon ring

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Amethyst jewelry centerpiece

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), likely set with colorless diamonds or other gems

Banded Black Onyx (Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely quartz

Quartz (SiO₂), probably rock crystal; exact identification is uncertain from the strongly backlit image

Rainbow carborundum (silicon carbide)

Silicon carbide, SiC; commonly synthetic moissanite/carborundum specimen

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Staurolite (Fairy Stone)

Staurolite (Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH))

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium impurities)

Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Copper Hydroxide Carbonate)

Blue-green tumbled gemstone, likely turquoise or dyed turquoise

Turquoise: hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; identification is uncertain from the blurry image

Assorted Semi-Precious Gemstone Crosses

Quartz, Silicates, Carbonates (various)

Amber

Fossilized tree resin; chiefly organic terpenoid polymers (succinite)

Amber with dark mineral/organic inclusions

Fossilized plant resin (amber; chiefly polymerized diterpenoid resin)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin

Amber

Succinite (fossilized tree resin)

Amber

Succinite (Approximate formula: C10H16O)

Amber

Succinite (specifically for Baltic amber; fossilized tree resin)

Opalite (Man-made Glass)

Synthetic Silicon Dioxide Glass (SiO2 + metal oxides)

Green glassy cabochon, likely dyed or synthetic material

Uncertain; possibly green obsidian, chrysoprase, or synthetic glass

Faceted clear gemstone, likely quartz or glass imitation

Most likely quartz (SiO₂); exact identification requires refractive-index and hardness tests

Goldstone

Avventurina (Man-made Glass with Copper inclusions)

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Silicon

Element Si

Opalite

Man-made Synthetic Glass (Silicon Dioxide with metal additives)

Blue Agate Geode (Dyed)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Amber

Fossilized plant resin; chiefly an organic polymer (succinite), not a crystalline mineral

Amber (fossilized tree resin)

Fossilized plant resin; commonly succinite (not a mineral, largely organic polymer)

Polished labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Emerald

Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆, colored green mainly by chromium and/or vanadium

Agate (Polished Sphere)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Diamond (or high-quality simulant like Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - Native Element

Ruby (set in a ring)

Corundum, Al₂O₃, colored red by chromium; the pictured stone may be synthetic or imitation, which cannot be confirmed from the photo.

Blue glassy mineral specimen, possibly dyed or synthetic

Uncertain; possible blue fluorite (CaF₂), dyed chalcedony, or man-made glass

Hematite cameo or hematine imitation

Hematite (Fe₂O₃); possibly synthetic hematine or black glass

Colorless faceted gemstone, likely cubic zirconia

Cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); visual confirmation is unavailable

Goldstone (likely blue-free synthetic goldstone pendant)

Synthetic aventurine glass; silica glass with dispersed metallic copper crystals

Polished ruby cabochon (likely synthetic or treated)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored red by chromium

Tumbled opalite (likely synthetic glass)

Opalite; typically man-made opalescent soda-lime glass, not a recognized mineral species