Synthetic Polymer (Polylactic Acid)

Goldstone (Red)

Aventurine Glass

Polished amber (possibly imitation or treated amber)

Amber—fossilized tree resin; mostly polymerized terpenoid compounds (not a mineral)

Raw amber

Fossilized plant resin; predominantly polymerized diterpenoid resin (succinite when Baltic-type)

Ring with an Orange Inlay

N/A (Man-made object)

Diamond (Heart Cut)

Carbon (C)

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Turquoise cabochon jewelry

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Blue Topaz (specifically London Blue or Swiss Blue based on color saturation)

Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 (Aluminum Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amber (rough amber piece)

Fossilized plant resin; predominantly polymerized terpenoid resin (succinite, when Baltic-type)

Amber

Succinite (Fossilized Tree Resin)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amber

Fossilized tree resin; primarily an organic polymer of terpenoid compounds (succinite when Baltic-type)

Translucent amber-colored gemstone, likely citrine or amber

Most plausibly quartz (SiO₂), specifically citrine; amber would be fossilized resin (organic polymer)

Amber-like resin specimen

Likely amber (fossilized tree resin), composition dominated by polymerized diterpenoid resins; exact identification is uncertain from the photograph

Chalcanthite (Likely Synthetic/Lab-Grown)

Hydrated copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O)

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon-based organic sedimentary rock transitioned to metamorphic)

Raw Topaz

Aluminum Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (a rock composed primarily of Lazurite, Sodalite, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Dyed Agate

Agate (Cryptocrystalline Quartz), SiO2

Amber beads

Amber, fossilized plant resin; largely polymerized terpenoid resin (not a mineral)

Amber

(C10H16O)n – an amorphous organic substance, primarily composed of polymerized isoprenoids.

Diamond (faceted)

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Faceted clear gemstone, likely glass or cubic zirconia

Undetermined; could be synthetic cubic zirconia (ZrO₂) or cut glass (silica-based)

Clear gemstone earring (likely cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia (synthetic zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂); identification from the image is uncertain

Polished blue chalcedony or glass-like quartz specimen

Chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂), possibly treated or synthetic; exact identification requires testing

Colorless faceted gemstone (most likely synthetic cubic zirconia)

Cubic zirconia, ZrO₂ (likely synthetic); natural alternatives include quartz or diamond

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Rough Emerald (Beryl)

Emerald (Be3Al2(SiO3)6 with Cr/V impurities)

Goldstone (Red/Brown)

Aventurine Glass (SiO2 with Copper inclusions)

Amber (possibly copal)

Fossilized plant resin; amber is organic resin, commonly dominated by polymerized terpenoids

Amethyst

Amethyst (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide with iron impurities)

Sapphire (likely blue synthetic sapphire or blue glass in a ring)

Corundum (Al₂O₃), specifically the blue variety due to trace amounts of iron and titanium impurities. If synthetic, it would still be Al₂O₃.

Concrete Paver (Artificial Cementitious Rock)

Hydrated Portland Cement Aggregate

Cubic Zirconia (CZ) Jewelry

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Goldstone (aventurine glass)

Synthetic copper-bearing soda-lime glass; commonly sold as red goldstone

Rough Diamond (Uncut Diamond)

Native Carbon (C)

Faceted yellow gemstone ring

Likely yellow sapphire (corundum), but exact identification requires testing; alternatives include citrine, chrysoberyl, or treated diamond.

Diamond

Carbon (C), Native Element

Cubic Zirconia (CZ)

Cubic Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)