Synthetic Polymer (Synthetic Material)

Cubic Zirconia (Diamond Simulant)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C)

Goldstone (likely blue-free synthetic goldstone pendant)

Synthetic aventurine glass; silica glass with dispersed metallic copper crystals

Cubic Zirconia (Faceted Gemstone)

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Carbon (C) or Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)

Ruby (varieties of Corundum)

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with Chromium traces

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ruby (faceted gemstone)

Corundum (Al2O3 with Cr impurities)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Ruby (Rough/Raw)

Corundum (Al2O3:Cr)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Amethyst cabochon ring

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Amethyst jewelry centerpiece

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), likely set with colorless diamonds or other gems

Banded Black Onyx (Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Rainbow carborundum (silicon carbide)

Silicon carbide, SiC; commonly synthetic moissanite/carborundum specimen

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium impurities)

Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Copper Hydroxide Carbonate)

Hematite

Hematite (Fe₂O₃), likely a polished specular hematite palm stone

Ruby

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide with Chromium), Al2O3:Cr

Diamond (in jewelry)

Cubic Carbon (C)

Goldstone (Brown)

Aventurine glass

Opalite (Man-made Glass)

Synthetic Silicon Dioxide Glass (SiO2 + metal oxides)

Gold and Cubic Zirconia (San Judas Tadeo Pendant)

Native Gold (Au) with Synthetic Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)

Polished labradorite cabochon

Labradorite, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar; approximately (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Agate (Polished Sphere)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Polished blue chalcedony or glass-like quartz specimen

Chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂), possibly treated or synthetic; exact identification requires testing

Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Silicon

Element Si

Concrete Paver (Artificial Cementitious Rock)

Hydrated Portland Cement Aggregate

Blue Agate Geode (Dyed)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Ruby (set in a ring)

Corundum, Al₂O₃, colored red by chromium; the pictured stone may be synthetic or imitation, which cannot be confirmed from the photo.

Turquoise cabochon jewelry

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Diamond (or high-quality simulant like Cubic Zirconia)

Carbon (C) - Native Element

Engineered Quartz

Engineered Stone (primarily SiO2)

Diamond ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C), set in a gold-colored metal ring

Composite Turquoise or Reconstituted Turquoise with Copper inclusions

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Turquoise) mixed with matrix and copper/bronze flakes