Anthropogenic Sedimentary (Man Made)

Aura Quartz (Titanium-coated Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with metallic vapor coating

Titanium Aura Quartz

Titanium-coated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fossiliferous limestone with colonial coral

Calcite (CaCO₃) limestone containing fossil tabulate or rugose coral colonies

Tumbled milky quartz

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Libyan Desert Glass

Tektite (high-silica impact glass), SiO2

Chert (often called Flint in archaeological contexts)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Silica (SiO2)

Chert (Arrowhead Fragment)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Arrowhead Preform or Point)

Chert (Microcrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Zinc Alloy (Silver-plated)

Zinc Alloy Casting (Zn-Al-Mg-Cu)

Opalite (Synthetic Moonstone/Sea Opal)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) glass with metallic inclusions

Rainbow Hematite (Man-made/Treated)

Tumbled Hematite with Titanium/Anodized coating (Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3)

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass

White quartz pebble or chip

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), possibly milky quartz

Tumbled white chalcedony (likely milky quartz)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂)

Green Aventurine

Silicon Dioxide (Quartz with Fuchsite inclusions), SiO2

Mohave Turquoise (Composite/Stabilized)

Hydrated copper aluminium phosphate (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O) with stabilizing resin and metallic inclusions

Goldstone (Brown)

Aventurine Glass (Silicon Dioxide infused with Copper crystals)

Green Quartz / Chrysoprase / Sea Glass

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Clear quartz crystal

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Clear quartz fragment

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Polished black pebble, likely basalt

Basalt, a fine-grained mafic volcanic rock composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, commonly with olivine

Opalite

Synthetic Glass (Hydrated Silica Simulant)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalised Glass

Opalite (a synthetic glass)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with various additives; not a true mineral but a man-made gem simulant

Nutting Stone / Cupstone (Sandstone or Quartzite)

Sedimentary rock with anthropogenic modification (cupule)

Opalite (likely man-made glass)

Opalite; amorphous silica glass, not a natural mineral

Aura Quartz (Titanium/Rainbow Quartz)

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) with metallic coating

Libyan Desert Glass

Libyan Desert Glass (SiO2 with trace elements)

Mother of Pearl (Nacre)

Aragonite (CaCO3) with Organic Matrix

Aura Quartz

Titanium-coated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Opalite

Synthetic Opalized Glass (SiO2 + additives)

Chert Arrowhead (Projectile Point)

Chert (Cryptocrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Blue glassy gemstone cabochon, likely dyed chalcedony or glass

Uncertain; possible dyed chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

Opalite (likely man-made opalescent glass)

Opalite; not a true mineral, typically synthetic opalescent glass (silica-based)

Opalite (Man-made Glass)

Synthetic Silicon Dioxide Glass (SiO2 + metal oxides)

Vesicular basalt (probable iron-rich volcanic rock)

Basalt; chiefly plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and Fe-Ti oxides

Polished milky quartz (likely quartz worry stone or wand)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

White quartz pebble

Quartz (SiO₂), likely milky quartz

Aura Quartz (Pink/Rose Aura Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) bonded with Platinum and/or Silver

Tumbled milky quartz (likely)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Milky quartz (likely rough quartz crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)