Industrial Byproduct (Anthropogenic Material)

Muscovite Mica

Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Granitoid (Granitic Rock)

Granitoid (Quartzo-feldspathic plutonic rock)

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Tumbled red jasper (likely dyed)

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony (SiO₂), colored by iron oxides; possibly dyed

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite

Ironstone with Limonite/Goethite coating

Ferruginous Sedimentary Rock (contains Limonite FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Polished rainbow jasper (likely ocean/imperial jasper)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with iron oxides and varied silicate inclusions

Chert (often called Jasper or Flint in this color variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Dark reddish-brown stone, likely iron-rich chert or weathered jasper

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly hematite/goethite-bearing

Cubic Zirconia (Set in Jewelry)

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Likely weathered pebble or mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly quartz-rich stone, iron-stained feldspar, or a small chert fragment

Tourmalinated quartz point

Quartz (SiO₂) with black tourmaline (schorl, NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄) inclusions

Uncertain small stone; possibly weathered quartz-bearing rock

Indeterminate from image; candidate materials include quartz-rich pebble or altered silicate rock

Tumbled rose quartz

Rose quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), quartz variety

Black pebble, likely basalt

Basalt, fine-grained mafic volcanic rock; possibly weathered basaltic glass

Industrial slag (iron/copper smelting slag)

Multiphase vitreous metallurgical slag; commonly iron-silicate glass with metal-oxide and metallic inclusions

Uncertain polished mineral specimen

Indeterminate; possibly quartz or feldspar with iron-oxide staining

Likely polished dark stone or mineral specimen (unidentifiable from image)

Undetermined; possibly dark quartz-rich material, basalt, or obsidian

Brown weathered river pebble

Indeterminate lithology; likely ferruginous sandstone, mudstone, or weathered volcanic rock

Rough Diamond

Pure Carbon (C)

Weathered iron-rich rock, likely basalt or ironstone

Probable weathered basalt (mafic silicate rock); exact identification requires a fresh surface and testing

Chert / Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly limonite-bearing basalt or ironstone

Undetermined; likely iron oxides/hydroxides (goethite–hematite–limonite) in a silicate host

Smoky quartz crystal

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), likely smoky quartz

Fossil scallop/bivalve shell

Fossilized pectinid bivalve; likely family Pectinidae (exact genus/species cannot be determined from the image)

Quartz Pebble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Possible iron-rich chert or slag-like rock

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly iron-stained chert; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Yellow jasper / iron-rich chert

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly colored by iron oxides

Basalt

Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Fossil scallop shell

Pectinid bivalve fossil; likely a scallop (family Pectinidae), exact genus/species uncertain

Black Kyanite

Aluminum Silicate (Al2SiO5)

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Diamond (or Simulant)

Carbon (C)

Vesicular basalt (possibly industrial slag)

Basalt, chiefly plagioclase + pyroxene ± olivine; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Polished heart-shaped blue chalcedony (likely dyed or treated)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; chalcedony variety, possibly blue lace agate or dyed quartz

Tumbled blue stone, likely blue aventurine or dyed quartz

Quartz (SiO₂), possibly with fuchsite inclusions; exact identification requires testing

Tumbled green-blue glassy mineral, possibly fluorite or aventurine

Uncertain from image; possible fluorite (CaF₂) or quartz aventurine (SiO₂)

Diamond

C (Native Carbon)

Polished brown agate/chalcedony nodule

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), likely brecciated or weathered agate with possible carbonate/iron-oxide inclusions

Chert (Gravel pebble)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Basalt (Glassy)

Basalt (Aphanitic-Glassy texture)

Polished ocean jasper cabochon

Orbicular jasper (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)