Man Made Material (Anthro Lithic Product)

Onyx (Black) and Mother of Pearl Inlay

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) for Onyx; Aragonite (CaCO3) for Mother of Pearl

Trilobite fossil

Trilobita (exact species indeterminable from the image)

Likely weathered basalt

Basalt; fine-grained mafic rock composed mainly of plagioclase, pyroxene, and commonly olivine or iron oxides

Specular Hematite (Specularite)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Crushed granite aggregate

Granite, a coarse-grained felsic intrusive igneous rock composed mainly of quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and minor mica/amphibole

Rounded sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone (likely arkosic or lithic sandstone)

Weathered sandstone fragment

Quartz-rich sandstone, likely arkose or lithic sandstone

Likely weathered granite or granitic rock

Granite; quartz + feldspar + mica, compositionally variable

Weathered iron-rich rock, possibly jasper or ironstone

Likely limonite/goethite-bearing siliceous rock; exact identification requires hardness and streak tests

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Hydrous Iron Oxide (goethite, lepidocrocite)

Weathered granite pebble

Granite, chiefly quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, and mica/amphibole

Limestone

Sedimentary Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Sandstone (lithic wacke/arenite)

Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 + varied clasts)

Quartzite

Quartzite (primarily SiO2)

Weathered sandstone or altered volcanic rock

Indeterminate; likely quartz–feldspar-rich sandstone, possibly tuff

Diamond ring

Diamond, crystalline carbon (C)

Tumbled brown chalcedony or jasper

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; possibly iron-bearing jasper

Chert (Cherty Shale / Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Reddish sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone, likely ferruginous arkose or litharenite

Sandstone (likely Fossiliferous Sandstone)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Chert (Chert / Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (specifically Jasper or Flint)

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (varieties include Flint and Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chert (Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Weathered basalt (likely amygdaloidal basalt)

Basalt; chiefly plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, with possible olivine and iron oxides

Scoria (vesicular basalt)

Vesicular basalt; chiefly plagioclase, pyroxene, and iron-rich volcanic glass

Rounded gray pebble, likely quartzite

Quartzite (predominantly crystalline quartz, SiO₂); identification is tentative from the image

Milky quartz-rich rock

Quartz, crystalline silica (SiO₂), likely massive milky quartz with minor feldspar or mica

Rounded sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone (likely arkose or lithic sandstone)

Weathered sandstone or quartz-rich sedimentary pebble

Indeterminate lithic fragment; likely quartz arenite (sandstone)

Sandstone (with Lichen)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Serpentine-rich metamorphic rock

Serpentinite; chiefly antigorite/lizardite/chrysotile, commonly with magnetite and carbonate

Iron-stained quartz (likely milky quartz)

Quartz, SiO₂, with limonite/goethite iron-oxide staining

Polished serpentine-rich stone

Serpentinite, primarily serpentine-group minerals (antigorite, lizardite, or chrysotile)

Quartz-rich pegmatite with smoky/greenish quartz and mica

Quartz (SiO₂) with probable feldspar and mica; a granitic pegmatite

Polished blue gemstone bead bracelet, likely aquamarine

Aquamarine, blue variety of beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈); identification from the image is uncertain

Polymict conglomerate

Clastic conglomerate, likely polymictic pebble conglomerate

Rounded pebble (likely quartz-rich sandstone or weathered chert)

Indeterminate from image; possibly quartz (SiO₂)-rich lithic material

Chert (often called Flint in archaeological contexts)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Rough Diamond

Pure Carbon (C)