Man Made Material (Anthro Lithic Product)

Chert (Polished River Pebble)

Chert (SiO2)

Red agate bead (likely dyed or treated)

Agate, a microcrystalline variety of quartz; SiO₂

Chert (Yellow Jasper/Flint)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Chert (and/or Flint)

Microcrystalline or Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Nacre (Mother of Pearl)

Nacre (Biogenic Aragonite/Calcite composite, CaCO3)

Rounded sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone, likely arkosic or lithic sandstone

Weathered quartz-rich rock, likely sandstone or quartzite

Quartz-dominated lithic fragment; probable quartz sandstone (SiO₂)

US Penny

Cuprum (Copper: Cu) and Zincum (Zinc: Zn) Alloy

Iron-rich volcanic rock, possibly hematite-bearing basalt

Basalt with iron oxides/hydroxides, chiefly hematite (Fe₂O₃) and possibly magnetite (Fe₃O₄)

Polished stone sphere, possibly agate or jasper

Likely microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); exact variety cannot be confirmed from the image

Tumbled serpentine

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite, lizardite, or chrysotile; approximately Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Rounded sandstone pebble

Quartz-rich sandstone, likely lithic or arkosic sandstone

Tumbled basalt (likely basalt–feldspar/zeolite-bearing stone)

Basalt; predominantly plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, with possible olivine or secondary alteration minerals

Small seashell fossil or shell fragment

Likely calcium-carbonate shell material, chiefly aragonite or calcite; exact species indeterminate

Likely iron sulfide specimen (pyrite or marcasite)

Pyrite, FeS₂; possibly marcasite, also FeS₂

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Diamond (Cut jewelry specimen)

Diamond (pure Carbon, C)

Ammonite fossil in matrix

Fossilized ammonoid cephalopod; likely an ammonite such as Dactylioceras or a related Jurassic taxon

Tumbled serpentinite

Serpentinite, composed chiefly of serpentine-group minerals (lizardite, antigorite, chrysotile), commonly with magnetite and chlorite

Weathered iron-rich stone, possibly limonite-bearing rock

Limonite/goethite-rich material; composition commonly approximated as hydrated iron oxides, FeO(OH)·nH₂O

Galena (likely)

Galena, lead sulfide (PbS)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Chert (specifically Flint or Nodular Chert)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Shale or Siltstone

Sedimentary Clastic Rock (Variable mineral composition including quartz and clay minerals)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Tumbled chalcedony (likely milky quartz)

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; possibly pale agate or quartzite

Weathered granite or granitic gneiss

Quartz–feldspar–mica granitoid; possibly gneiss if the visible layering is tectonic

Mica Schist with Quartz

Mica Schist (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 / SiO2)

Dark volcanic sand / basaltic sand

Basalt-derived lithic sand, chiefly plagioclase, pyroxene, and volcanic glass

Slag

Anthropogenic Vitrophyre (Iron or Smelting Slag)

Grey Chalcedony (Tumbled)

Chalcedony (SiO2)

Pumice

Pumice, vesicular volcanic glass (typically silica-rich rhyolite or dacite composition)

Limestone

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Vesicular basalt (likely weathered basaltic rock)

Basalt; predominantly plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and volcanic glass

Weathered quartz-rich rock, likely quartzite or silicified sandstone

Quartzite; predominantly microcrystalline to granular SiO₂, possibly with iron-oxide impurities

Coquina

Biogenic Limestone (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Tumbled greenstone, likely nephrite jade

Nephrite jade (interlocking tremolite–actinolite amphibole; Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂)

Iron-stained quartz-rich rock (possibly ironstone or ochre-coated quartz)

Undetermined ferruginous rock; yellow-brown coloration likely from goethite and/or limonite (hydrated iron oxides)

Asphalt (Bituminous Concrete)

Composite material (bitumen binder with mineral aggregate)

Chert (Siltstone / Flint)

SiO2 (Cryptocrystalline Quartz)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based with quartz, feldspar, or lithic fragments)