Man Made Material

Quartz (in matrix)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Pebble

Clast (specifically a granule or small pebble)

Serpentinite (Serpentine Rock)

Primarily composed of serpentine group minerals, such as antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite. Chemical formula for serpentine minerals is (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4.

Fossil Coral

Coral Limestone (a type of biogenic sedimentary rock)

Quartz with Iron Stains

Quartz (SiO2) with iron oxide/hydroxide staining

Shale or Argillite

Shale (fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock) or Argillite (low-grade metamorphic rock derived from shale)

Quartz (Druzy) in host rock

SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide) as Quartz, with unspecified host rock components (likely silicates and iron oxides)

Black Chert

Chert (microcrystalline quartz)

Serpentine

Serpentinite (rock), Serpentine group minerals (e.g., Antigorite, Lizardite, Chrysotile)

Talc

Talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂)

Granite

Granite (a broadly defined plutonic igneous rock, often more specifically classified as quartz monzonite or granodiorite based on precise mineral percentages)

Red Jasper

Jasper (a variety of Chalcedony, SiO₂ with iron oxide inclusions)

Granite

Granite (a common rock type, not a single mineral species)

Quartzite

Quartzite (SiO2)

Leopard Skin Jasper

Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline quartz) with inclusions

Serpentinite (Serpentine Rock)

Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals, chiefly antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite, with the general formula (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4. Often includes other minerals like magnetite, talc, and chromite.

Chert (or Flint)

Chert (microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Soapstone

Steatite (primarily composed of Talc, Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂)

Calcite

Calcite (CaCO3)

Magnetic Hematite

Magnetized Hematite (an iron oxide mineral, Fe2O3, that has undergone magnetization)

Marble

Metamorphosed Limestone/Dolomite

Basalt

Basalt (dominated by plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene)

Turquoise (beads)

Turquoise; CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Jasper (likely a variety of Brecciated Jasper or a patterned variety)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Dark-colored Igneous Rock (likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous) or Diabase (intrusive igneous)

Conglomerate

Conglomerate

Muscovite Mica

Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2)

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride - CaF2)

Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Dolomite

Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)

Granite

Granite (Felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Quartz (likely Jasper or Chert variety)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Blue Chalcedony and Picture Jasper Beads

Blue Chalcedony (SiO2), Picture Jasper (SiO2)

Clear Quartz (or Rock Crystal)

Quartz (SiO₂)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Sapphire (likely blue synthetic sapphire or blue glass in a ring)

Corundum (Al₂O₃), specifically the blue variety due to trace amounts of iron and titanium impurities. If synthetic, it would still be Al₂O₃.

Sandstone

Sandstone (arenite is a more specific geological term for a clean sandstone, while wacke refers to a dirty sandstone with significant matrix)

Amber

Fossilized Tree Resin (Amorphous Hydrocarbon)

Calcite

Calcite (Mineral; CaCO₃)

Fluorite

Fluorite (CaF₂)

Fluorite

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Calcite

Calcite (Mineral, Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3)