Mineral (Extraterrestrial)

Turquoise

Turquoise, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Milky quartz cluster

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Sandstone with Manganese Dendrites

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (SiO2 based with MnO2 inclusions)

Pink-purple rough mineral specimen (possibly lepidolite-bearing mica)

Lepidolite, a lithium-rich mica; identification is uncertain from the photo

Quartz Vein in Hematitic Siltstone

Hydrothermal Quartz (SiO2) in Ferriferous Matrix

Yellow iron-oxide-rich mineral/rock fragment

Likely limonite/goethite (hydrated iron oxides; commonly approximated as FeO(OH)·nH₂O)

Jade (likely Jadeite)

Jadeite (a pyroxene mineral) or Nephrite (a variety of amphibole mineral)

Likely garnet-bearing rock (possibly almandine garnet in dark matrix)

Garnet, probably almandine (Fe₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃); host rock is not identifiable from this image

Sodalite

Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Calcium Phosphate) - Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

Banded quartz-rich rock (possibly pegmatite)

Likely quartz–feldspar pegmatite; identification is tentative from the photo

Milky quartz (rough quartz specimen)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

Granite

Granite (Plutonic Igneous Rock)

Granitic Gneiss

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock of granitic composition)

Gneiss

Gneiss (Metamorphic rock)

Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock (SiO2, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8)

Mixed rock and mineral collection

Unidentified assortment of geological specimens; individual species cannot be determined from the image

Limonite pseudo-concretion (Ironstone)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O) / Goethite

Quartz Pebble

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Limonite Stained Basalt

Hydrated Iron Oxide on Mafic Volcanic Rock (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Fluorite (specifically Blue John or Banded Fluorite)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Polished pink feldspar-rich rock, possibly unakite

Likely unakite (epidote, pink potassium feldspar, and quartz); identification is uncertain from the photo

Schist

Mica Schist

Native Copper

Native Copper (Cu)

Speckled feldspar-rich pebble

Likely leucocratic granite or granitic pegmatite, chiefly potassium feldspar with dark biotite or amphibole

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (containing quartz/agate or zeolite fill)

Granite

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Dark green mineral specimen, possibly serpentine or epidote

Tentatively serpentine-group mineral, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, or epidote, Ca₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH)

Milky Quartz with Mica Matrix

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) with Muscovite/Biotite mica

Prehnite

Prehnite (Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2)

Greenschist

Chlorite Schist (Greenschist Facies)

Pyrite on Quartz matrix

Iron Disulfide (FeS2) on Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Specular Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

Iron-stained quartz vein in altered host rock

Quartz (SiO₂) with iron oxides/hydroxides, likely hematite and goethite; host rock uncertain from the image

Tumbled brown quartz (likely smoky quartz)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); brown coloration may be smoky quartz or iron-stained quartz

Likely amphibolite

Amphibolite, composed mainly of hornblende (amphibole) and plagioclase feldspar

Gneiss (Cobble)

Gneiss

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade Regional Metamorphic Rock)

Dark, speckled coarse-grained rock; likely diorite

Diorite, an intrusive igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar and hornblende or other dark minerals

Likely dyed or painted stone

Unidentified natural rock; vivid purple, orange, and pink coloration appears to be a surface coating or pigment, so the underlying rock cannot be reliably identified from the image.