Mineral (Processed Metal)

Quartz Vein

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Black Jasper (Black Onyx substitute)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with carbonaceous impurities

Iron-rich concretion or slag-like rock

Goethite–hematite limonite concretion, possibly iron slag

Aura Quartz

Titanium-coated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Clear quartz crystal

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Tumbled amethyst

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂), colored mainly by iron-related defects

Ironstone Pebble

Sedimentary ironstone / Hematitic Sandstone

Decorative polished pebbles

Likely mixed quartz-rich lithologies, including quartzite, jasper, and/or basalt

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (complex of lizardite, chrysotile, and antigorite: (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4)

Dyed turquoise-colored lava stone beads

Vesicular basalt (scoria), commonly sold as dyed lava rock

Slag (Industrial Glassy Byproduct)

Ferro-silicate Slag

Peacock ore (bornite/chalcopyrite), likely treated

Bornite, Cu₅FeS₄, and/or chalcopyrite, CuFeS₂

Amethyst

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Lepidolite

K(Li,Al)3(Al,Si,4)10(O,F,OH)2

Tumbled pale green aventurine or chalcedony

Quartz-group silica, primarily microcrystalline SiO₂; possible fuchsite-bearing aventurine

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (a rock composed predominantly of serpentine group minerals)

Green sea glass (likely bottle glass)

Human-processed soda–lime silicate glass; not a natural mineral or rock

Limonite (Ochreous)

FeO(OH)·nH2O (Hydrated Iron Oxide)

Metallic sulfide-bearing rock, likely galena-rich ore

Galena (lead sulfide, PbS), possibly mixed with pyrite/chalcopyrite and host rock

Tumbled red jasper

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) colored mainly by iron oxides

Blue-dyed magnesite beads (often sold as “turquoise howlite”)

Magnesite, MgCO₃; commonly dyed blue and possibly marketed as dyed howlite, Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅

Hematite cameo or hematine imitation

Hematite (Fe₂O₃); possibly synthetic hematine or black glass

Tumbled black-and-white stone, likely dendritic agate or jasper

Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly chalcedony with manganese-oxide dendrites

Quartz-bearing breccia or iron-stained quartzite carving

Quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide/hydroxide staining, likely in a silicified breccia matrix

Blue Goldstone

Goldstone (artificial glass)

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (composed primarily of Serpentine group minerals, (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)

Cut red gemstone in a gold ring

Likely ruby (corundum, Al₂O₃), though red spinel or garnet is also possible from the image

Pyrite with Quartz

Iron Sulfide (FeS2) with Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Small metallic sulfide fragment, possibly pyrite-bearing ore

Likely pyrite (iron disulfide, FeS₂), though the image is insufficient for definitive identification

Mixed mineral and rock specimen collection

Assorted silicates, carbonates, oxides, and sulfides; individual species cannot be reliably identified from this image

Serpentinite

Serpentinite (complex of Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile, Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)

Chalcopyrite in Quartz (Gold-bearing Ore)

CuFeS2 (Chalcopyrite)

Silver (Jewelry Specimen)

Native Silver (Chemical Formula: Ag)

Granite

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Polished yellow-green serpentine pendant

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite and/or lizardite; approximate formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4

Tumbled tiger’s eye

Tiger’s eye (chatoyant quartz), SiO₂, typically pseudomorphic quartz after crocidolite

Polished red jasper beads

Jasper, an opaque microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), commonly colored by iron oxides

Quartz vein in Schist

Crystalline Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in Metamorphic Host

Vanadinite

Pb5(VO4)3Cl

Ferromanganese Nodule

Polymetallic Nodule (composed primarily of MnO2 and Fe2O3)

Blue Goldstone

Synthetic Aventurescent Glass (Cobalt-doped soda-lime glass)