Mineral (Tectosilicate)

Jadeite and Mixed Gemstones (Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald)

Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6), Corundum (Al2O3), Beryl (Be3Al2(Si6O18))

Sandstone (likely Quartzose Sandstone pebble)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Moss Agate

Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide) with Chlorite or Iron/Manganese inclusions (SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (Primary mineral: Silicon Dioxide, SiO₂)

Sandstone (with potential mineral inclusions)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily Quartz, SiO2)

Limonite Geode (Ironstone Concretion)

Limonite [FeO(OH)·nH2O] with possible Quartz or Calcite interior

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper phyllosilicate mineral (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·n(H2O)

Lapis Lazuli

Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(S,SO4,Cl)1-2 (primarily containing Lazurite with inclusions of Calcite and Pyrite)

Sandstone Concretion with Quartz Center

Sedimentary Clastic Rock (SiO2 matrix with Quartz core)

Turquoise in Matrix

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Shale or Slate with Quartz Veins

Shale (fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock) or Slate (low-grade metamorphic rock formed from shale) with Quartz (SiO2) veins

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic volcanic rock)

Chrysocolla

Chrysocolla (Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O)

Red Sandstone

Arenite (Ferruginous Sandstone)

Lapis Lazuli (Raw)

Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock; Na3Ca(Al3Si3O12)S

Given the appearance, it's likely a fragment of an igneous or metamorphic rock composed of multiple minerals. Without specific diagnostic features, it's difficult to give a common name other than 'crystalline rock fragment'. If pressed to guess based on the granular, somewhat light and dark speckled appearance, it could be a fragment of granite or a related intrusive igneous rock.

As a rock fragment, it does not have a single scientific mineral name; rather, it's a piece of a rock which is a combination of minerals. If it were granite, its main mineral composition would be quartz (SiO2), feldspar (e.g., KAlSi3O8 - orthoclase, (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)4O8 - plagioclase), and mica (e.g., KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 - muscovite or K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 - biotite), among others.

Pyrite (Fool's Gold)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Schist with Biotite and Quartz

Biotite-Quartz Schist (Fe,Mg,Al silicate mix)

Calcite (Yellow/Orange variety - sometimes called Honey Calcite)

Calcite

Fluorite (Rainbow/Purple Fluorite)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Fluorite (likely Fluorite on Quartz/Matrix)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Orthoclase Feldspar

Orthoclase (KAlSi₃O₈)

Milky Quartz

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Bumblebee Jasper

Anhydrite with Sulfur, Hematite, and Orpiment (SiO2/CaSO4 mixture)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)

Orthoclase Feldspar

KAlSi3O8 (Potassium Aluminum Silicate)

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Fluorite (Polished Point/Tower)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Goethite/Limonite Iron Ore Node

Goethite (FeO(OH)) or Limonite (mixture of hydrated iron oxides)

Turquoise

Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Limonite (Iron Ore)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Turquoise with Pyrite

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O] with Iron Pyrite (FeS2)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O]

Dalmatian Stone

Dalmatian Jasper (a misnomer for an Aplite with Arfvedsonite spots)

Magnetite

Magnetite (Fe3O4)

Mica Schist

Schist (primarily Muscovite and Biotite mica)

Sandstone (likely Arkosic)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Chert with Calcite Veins

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) intrusions

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Sandstone (likely Arkose or Lithic)

Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 + impurities)

Chalcopyrite

Copper Iron Sulfide (CuFeS2)