Mineral Based Human Made Alloy

Granite Thin Section

Granitic rock (Phaneritic texture)

Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Chert (River Pebble)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Pink Granite

Phaneritic Felsic Intrusive Igneous Rock

Red Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based with Fe2O3)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based typically)

Raw green beryl (likely aquamarine)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; blue-green variety is aquamarine

Quartz (Chert/Chalcedony variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Ceramic or Polished Stone Heart (Anthropogenic Material)

Glazed Ceramic (Silicon Dioxide based coating on Alumina Silicate body) or Polished Limestone/Marble (Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3)

Sandstone (Siltstone or Fine-grained)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Vanadinite

Lead Chlorovanadate, Pb5(VO4)3Cl

Sandstone

Arenite (typically SiO2 based)

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

Fossil / Permineralized Bone

Tyrannosaurus rex fossil (Hydroxylapatite replaced by various minerals)

River Pebble

Quartzite / Weathered Sedimentary Rock

Celestite (Celestine)

Strontium sulfate (SrSO4)

Unknown metallic sulfide-bearing rock, possibly chalcopyrite or bornite

Tentative: chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) or bornite (Cu₅FeS₄)

Celestite (Celestine)

Strontium sulfate (SrSO4)

Pallasite Meteorite

Pallasite (ST-class)

Chert (variations include Flint)

Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Banded Onyx (Mexican Onyx / Travertine)

Calcite (CaCO3) - Banded Travertine

Chert (Flint)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Calcium Phosphate) - Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

Sandstone (with potential trace fossils)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Vanadinite

Lead Chlorovanadate - Pb5(VO4)3Cl

Basalt

Basalt

Chert (or Flint)

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Chert / Flint

Chert (varieties include Flint)

Gold Mineral

Native Gold (Au)

Chert (Jasper variety)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Dendritic sandstone

Sandstone with Manganese Oxide dendrites

Chert (Chalcedony/Agate)

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Small tumbled orange-brown mineral fragment

Indeterminate; possibly iron-stained quartz, carnelian, or orange calcite

Green Moss Agate

Agate (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2) with inclusions

Copper Nugget

Native Copper (Cu)

Rose Quartz Carving

Quartum roseum (Variety of Quartz, SiO2)

Vanadinite

Pb5(VO4)3Cl

Chert Arrowhead

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic Igneous Rock)

Tree Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Dendritic Inclusions

Quartzite (Aventurine type)

Metamorphosed Quartz Sandstone (SiO2 with inclusions)

Polished white chalcedony or milky quartz pebble

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly with iron-oxide staining or a minor mineral inclusion