Mineral Or Sedimentary Rock (With Mineral Inclusions)

Pyrite (on host rock/ore)

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Sandstone (Ferruginous Concretion)

Ferruginous Sandstone Concretion / SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement

Concretion or Geode (unbroken)

Varied (depending on mineral composition and cementing agent). For quartz-lined geodes, the scientific name of the dominant mineral would be Quartz (SiO2). For calcite-lined geodes, Calcite (CaCO3). Concretions are often composed of cryptocrystalline quartz (chert), calcite, or iron oxides.

Gneiss

Gneiss (a type of metamorphic rock)

Carnelian (Orange Agate)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue Agate (Dyed)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Chalcedony (Agate/Carnelian precursor)

Chalcedony (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Asphalt (Road Aggregate)

Asphalt concrete / Bituminous mixture

Milky Quartz Pebble

Crystalline Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Obsidian

Obsidian (Volcanic Glass)

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Green Aventurine

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with inclusions of Fuchsite)

Milky Quartz Pebble

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz (Water-Worn Pebble)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Milky Quartz with Mica (Gneiss/Schist influence)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Phyllosilicates

Lapis Lazuli

Complex mixture of minerals, primarily Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2

Sagenitic Agate (with Goethite/Rutile inclusions)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with hydrous ferric oxide inclusions

Dolomite or Limestone (Carbonate Rock)

CaMg(CO3)2 (Dolomite) or CaCO3 (Limestone / Calcite)

Breccia

Breccia

Green Aventurine

Aventurine (Silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

Ironstone (with possible Hematite/Limonite coating)

Ironstone (Fe-rich sedimentary rock)

Ironstone Concretion (Boji Stone/Moqui Marble type)

Goethite/Hematite-encrusted Sandstone Concretion

Dendritic Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with inclusions

Shale

Mudstone (composed primarily of clay minerals like kaolinite, illite, and smectite, with quartz and calcite)

River Jasper (Green Jasper)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Granite Gneiss

Felsic Gneiss

Amethyst Geode/Cluster

Quartz (SiO2) - variety Amethyst

Clear Quartz Cluster

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (Primary mineral: SiO2)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone Concretion

Moqui Marble / Iron-oxide Concretion (SiO2 with Hematite/Goethite)

Milky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Quartzite and Jasper Pebbles

Quartzite (re-crystallized Quartz) and Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Shale

Fissile Clay-dominant Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO)

Granitic Gneiss

Gneiss (High-grade regional metamorphic rock)

Sandstone

Arenite (a specific type of sandstone with less than 15% matrix)

Diamond in Kimberlite

Diamond in Kimberlite Matrix (Diamond: C, Kimberlite: complex Potassic Peridotite)

Granite Gneiss

Gneiss (derived from granitic protolith)

Quartz (Milky/Clear Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Jasper

Jasper (Silicate - SiO2)

Quartzite

Quartzite (High-purity SiO2)