Mineral Simulant (Synthetic Glass)

Diamond (in Jewelry)

Diamond (Carbon, C)

Bismuth Crystal

Bismuth (element symbol Bi, atomic number 83)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored by Chromium and/or Vanadium

Diamond (Faceted Gemstone)

Native Carbon (C)

Blue Sapphire (in a faceted jewelry setting)

Corundum (Al2O3) with trace Iron and Titanium

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3)

Opalite (a synthetic glass, often confused with Opal)

Silicon dioxide glass (SiO2nH2O, for natural opal)

Cubic Zirconia and Synthetic Ruby Jewelry

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2) and Synthetic Corundum (Al2O3)

Man-made Ceramic / Clay Figurine

Aluminosilicate Ceramic (Processed Clay)

Bouncy Ball (Synthetic Rubber Polymer)

Polybutadiene / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)

Opal ring

Common opal, likely synthetic or assembled blue-green opal (hydrated amorphous silica, SiO₂·nH₂O)

Ruby (Pink to Red Corundum)

Al2O3 (Corundum with Chromium impurities)

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium traces)

Polished amethyst cabochon

Amethyst, purple quartz (SiO₂)

Anthropogenic Heat Source (Electronic/Industrial Interface)

Thermal IR emission (Electronic infrastructure)

Amethyst (Resin Carving/Orgonite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Cubic Zirconia (Man-made)

Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2) with Enamel and Metal Alloy

Faceted golden beryl (likely heliodor)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈; yellow color from iron impurities

Asphalt (Bituminous Concrete)

Bituminous mix / Anthropogenic conglomerate

Terrazzo (Synthetic Composite Rock)

Cementitious or Epoxy Resin-bound Aggregates

Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Polished hematite

Hematite (Fe₂O₃), likely a tumbled iron-oxide specimen

Dyed Agate Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial pigment

Blue-green turquoise (probable)

Turquoise — hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Emerald

Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆, colored green mainly by chromium and/or vanadium

Black onyx or black spinel ring stone

Likely chalcedony (SiO₂), variety black onyx; possibly synthetic spinel or glass

Rainbow carborundum (silicon carbide)

Silicon carbide, SiC; commonly synthetic moissanite/carborundum specimen

Jade

Jade can refer to two distinct minerals: Nephrite (a variety of the mineral actinolite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) and Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6). Based on the image, showing a relatively uniform green color and possibly slight translucence in bead form, it is very likely one of these, but determining which one from a photo is difficult without specific testing.

Amber (and Cubic Zirconia)

Fossilized Tree Resin

Magnetite or Hematite-rich Ore

Magnetite (Fe3O4) or Hematite (Fe2O3)

Diamond

Carbon (C), Native Element

Dalmatian Stone

Dalmatian Jasper (a misnomer) / Perthitic Feldspar Rock

Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Copper Hydroxide Carbonate)

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hematite bead bracelet

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃), likely polished magnetic hematite or hematite-coated beads

Ruby (Corundum)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide with Chromium), Al2O3:Cr

Rough White Zircon

Zircon (Zirconium Silicate, ZrSiO4)

Clear faceted gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); exact identity cannot be confirmed from the glare-heavy image

Ruby (Corundum)

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with Chromium traces

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium trace impurities)