Mineral Simulant (Synthetic Glass)

White chalcedony (possibly milky quartz) cabochon

Chalcedony, microcrystalline SiO₂; appearance may also represent milky quartz or synthetic imitation

Assorted gemstone jewelry

Mixed natural and synthetic gemstone cabochons and faceted stones; individual species cannot be determined reliably from this image

Green glass sphere/marble

Soda-lime glass (primarily SiO2, Na2O, CaO)

Asphalt (Bituminous Concrete)

Bituminous mix / Anthropogenic conglomerate

Bismuth crystal

Bismuth (Bi), synthetic laboratory-grown crystal

Polished hematite

Hematite (Fe₂O₃), likely a tumbled iron-oxide specimen

Dyed Agate Geode

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with artificial pigment

Rainbow carborundum (silicon carbide)

Silicon carbide, SiC; commonly synthetic moissanite/carborundum specimen

Dark blue polished stone pendant

Indeterminate; possibly sodalite, lapis lazuli, or blue slag/glass-like material

Dalmatian Stone

Dalmatian Jasper (a misnomer) / Perthitic Feldspar Rock

Iridescent silicon carbide (carborundum) crystal

Synthetic silicon carbide (SiC), likely a moissanite/carborundum specimen

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Clear faceted gemstone, likely quartz (rock crystal)

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂); exact identity cannot be confirmed from the glare-heavy image

Jade

Jade can refer to two distinct minerals: Nephrite (a variety of the mineral actinolite, Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2) and Jadeite (Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6). Based on the image, showing a relatively uniform green color and possibly slight translucence in bead form, it is very likely one of these, but determining which one from a photo is difficult without specific testing.

Magnetite or Hematite-rich Ore

Magnetite (Fe3O4) or Hematite (Fe2O3)

Green cabochon gemstone, likely glass-filled or synthetic emerald imitation

Uncertain; possible synthetic emerald (beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) or green glass

Ruby (Corundum)

Corundum (Aluminum Oxide with Chromium), Al2O3:Cr

Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Copper Hydroxide Carbonate)

Hematite bead bracelet

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃), likely polished magnetic hematite or hematite-coated beads

Silicon Carbide

Silicon Carbide (Moissanite / Carborundum), SiC

Green glassy mineral specimen, likely rough emerald or green fluorite

Tentatively beryl (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈), emerald variety; synthetic/man-made glass cannot be excluded from the photograph

Likely silicon carbide (carborundum)

Synthetic silicon carbide (SiC), likely blue-green crystalline grit

Dyed Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2)

Ruby (Corundum)

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with Chromium traces

Likely colorless topaz

Topaz, Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂

Ruby

Corundum (Al2O3 with Chromium trace impurities)

Rough White Zircon

Zircon (Zirconium Silicate, ZrSiO4)

Chrysocolla in Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Malachite) / Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O (Chrysocolla)

Painted Rock

Weathered Sedimentary Rock (Painted)

Painted River Rock

Painted Quartzite or Smooth Siltstone

Polished hematite bead necklace

Hematite (iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃), likely polished beads

Polished ruby cabochon (likely synthetic or treated)

Corundum, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), colored red by chromium

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Likely synthetic ruby (corundum)

Corundum (Al₂O₃), probably laboratory-grown

Faceted yellow-green gemstone, likely peridot

Olivine, typically forsterite-rich (Mg₂SiO₄)

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Polished turquoise cabochon pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper-aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely stabilized or matrix-bearing material

Ammolite

Biogenic gemstone (Aragonite, CaCO3)

Ruby-bearing rock (likely ruby in zoisite)

Corundum (ruby, Al₂O₃) in a zoisite-rich matrix; exact identification is uncertain from the photograph

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Ametrine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities