Mineral

Clear Quartz (Tumbled)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Fluorite (Purple/Blue variety)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Sandstone (Banded)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2)

Sandstone (Banded)

Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)

Sandstone

Arenite

Blue Apatite

Apatite, Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Goldstone (Brown)

Aventurine glass

Quartz with Mica inclusions (Pegmatite)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Muscovite/Biotite inclusions

Granite fragment

Granite; mainly quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, and mica

Weathered basalt (likely altered basalt)

Basalt, chiefly plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, with possible chlorite/epidote alteration

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (Mafic Volcanic Rock)

Weathered serpentinite (likely)

Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, with possible magnetite, carbonate, and chromite

Polished serpentine (likely greenstone)

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite/lizardite: Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Green serpentine or nephrite-like stone

Serpentinite, chiefly serpentine-group minerals; exact identification would require testing

Polished serpentine (likely bowenite)

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite; bowenite is a nickel-rich translucent variety

Limonite (Ironstone)

Limonite (Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Quartz vein in Schist

Crystalline Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in Metamorphic Host

Polished serpentine (likely bowenite/antigorite)

Serpentine-group minerals, chiefly antigorite or lizardite; approximate formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Bauxite

Bauxite (Al(OH)3 mixed with Fe2O3 and clay minerals)

Limonite (often after Hematite or Goethite)

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Mica Group Minerals

There isn't a single scientific name as 'Mica' refers to a group of phyllosilicate minerals. Common scientific names include Muscovite (KAl₂ (AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂), Biotite (K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), Phlogopite (KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂), and Lepidolite (K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂).

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (with secondary mineral infilling)

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 + various cementing minerals)

Polished brown jasper (likely brecciated or orbicular jasper)

Microcrystalline quartz/chalcedony, SiO₂, colored by iron oxides and other inclusions

Fluorite

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)

Epidote-bearing Rock

Epidote / Silicate mineral aggregate

Ammonite fossil

Ammonoidea; likely a polished small ammonite, possibly Cleoniceras

Banded metamorphic rock, likely gneiss

Biotite–quartz–feldspar gneiss, possibly migmatitic

Weathered quartz-bearing rock, possibly granite or gneiss

Indeterminate; likely quartz–feldspar–mica aggregate, possibly granitic gneiss

Copper-bearing metamorphic rock, likely bornite- or chalcopyrite-rich schist

Quartz–mica schist with disseminated copper sulfides; possible bornite (Cu₅FeS₄) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂)

Mammoth molar tooth fossil

Mammuthus sp.; fossilized molar with enamel plates and dentine

Shark Tooth Fossil

Chondrichthyes fossil

Gneiss

Banded orthogneiss or paragneiss, typically quartz–feldspar–mica bearing

Turtle Stone / Septarian Nodule (Fragment)

Septarian Concretion (Calcite, Aragonite, and Limestone)

Quartz Vein in Host Rock (Gossanous Matrtix)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxides (Limonite/Hematite)

Raw milky quartz

Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), likely included or fractured massive quartz

Larimar

Blue Pectolite (NaCa2Si3O8(OH))

Gossan (Limonite/Ironstone)

Hydrated Iron Oxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Gneiss

Gneiss

Schist

Metamorphic Rock (Mica Schist)