Mineral

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Obsidian

Volcanic glass (SiO2-rich extrusive igneous rock)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Primary mineral: Lazurite, (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide, Cu2CO3(OH)2

Milky Quartz with Mineral Inclusions

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Granite

Granite (a common term for a felsic intrusive igneous rock)

Jasper with Quartz Vein

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone (with Iron Oxidation)

Arenite (SiO2 with Fe-oxides)

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Banded Onyx (Mexican Onyx / Travertine)

Calcite (CaCO3) - Banded Travertine

Quartz (Vein Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Sandstone (Clastic sedimentary rock, predominantly SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)

Gneiss

Gneiss (quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss)

Gneiss

Metamorphic rock of high-grade regional metamorphism

Limonite (Yellow Ochre)

Limonite (an amorphous mixture of hydrated iron oxides, primarily FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Fluorite (Green Fluorite)

Fluorite (Calcium Fluoride, CaF2)

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O)

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2

Sandstone Pebble

Arenite (SiO2 principal)

Yellow Aventurine

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide) with Mica inclusions (SiO2)

Sandstone with Iron Banding

Arenite with Hematite or Limonite staining (SiO2 with Fe2O3)

Turquoise (likely stabilized or simulated Howlite)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Copper Hydroxide Carbonate)

Limonite with Hematite

Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide with variable composition (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Limonite with Trace Fossils

Hydrous Iron Oxide Mixture (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

White Calcite

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Chrysocolla in Malachite

Cu2CO3(OH)2 (Malachite) / Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O (Chrysocolla)

Limonite (Ironstone)

Limonite (Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Turquoise in Matrix

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Limonite Concretion

Limonite (Hydrated Iron Oxide) FeO(OH)·nH2O

Limonite (Iron-rich Siltstone / Sandstone base)

Hydrous ferric oxide mixture (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Lepidolite

K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2

Milky Quartz with Mineral Inclusions

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with miscellaneous inclusions

Milky Quartz with Mineral Inclusions

Quartz (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

Gemstone Sand (Mineral Assortment)

Mixed Mineral Concentrates (Commonly including Quartz SiO2, Garnet X3Y2(SiO4)3, and Tourmaline (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)3(Al,Fe,Mn)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4)

Pyrite

Iron Sulfide (FeS2)

Azurite in Matrix

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2) in Rhyolite or Sandstone matrix

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt with Secondary Infilling (e.g., Agate, Quartz, or Zeolite)

Amygdaloidal Basalt

Amygdaloidal Basalt (extrusive volcanic rock with mineral inclusions)

Native Copper

Native Copper (Cu)