Mineralogical

Likely iron-rich meteorite fragment

Undetermined stony-iron or iron meteorite; mineralogy may include Fe–Ni metal, troilite, and silicates

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Likely weathered porphyritic igneous rock

Provisional identification: altered basaltic-andesite or rhyolite; exact mineralogy cannot be confirmed from this close, flash-lit image

Hypersthene (or Enstatite/Ferrosilite)

Orthopyroxene series (Mg,Fe)SiO3 - specifically, historically hypersthene (intermediate member) now referred to as Enstatite (Mg-rich) or Ferrosilite (Fe-rich)

Greisen

Greisen

Possible iron-rich meteorite

Provisional: stony-iron or iron meteorite; mineralogy may include kamacite (α-Fe,Ni) and taenite (γ-Fe,Ni)

Granite (likely a river or beach pebble)

Granite (a felsic intrusive igneous rock primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica)

Tektite (Indochinite)

Tektite (High-silica natural glass)

Banded Gneiss

Gneiss (pronounced 'nice')

Pebble (likely a type of sandstone or quartzite pebble)

Clastic Sediment (specifically, a rudite-sized clast). If the pebble is composed of a specific rock type, its scientific name would be that rock type (e.g., 'Quartzite pebble', 'Granite pebble', 'Chert pebble'). Given its appearance, it is likely a metamorphic quartzite pebble or a hard sandstone pebble.

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Jade

Jadeite or Nephrite

Pearl (Biogenic Mineraloid)

Calcium carbonate (Aragonite) and Conchiolin, CaCO3

Pearl (Biogenic Mineraloid)

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) primarily as Aragonite

Amber

Succinite (Organic Mineraloid)

Abalone Shell (Nacre)

Aragonite (CaCO3) - Biogenic Mineral

Black Pearl (Tahitian Pearl)

Aragonite / Calcite (CaCO3) with Conchiolin

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite) with Conchiolin; formula: CaCO3

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon-rich mineraloid)

Amber

Succinite (Organic Mineraloid) - C10H16O

Pearl

Organic Mineraloid (CaCO3 + Conchiolin)

Pearl

Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite/Calcite mixed with Conchiolin), CaCO3

Green Opal

Hydrated Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Pearl

Aragonite / Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Amber

Succinite (organic mineraloid); Chemical formula: C10H16O

Pearl (Biogenic Mineral)

Calcium Carbonate (primarily Aragonite) with Conchiolin; CaCO3

Shungite

Shungite (carbon-rich Precambrian mineraloid)

Shungite

Carbon-rich mineraloid (Amorphous carbon)

Opalite

Man-made Glass (Synthetic Opalized Glass)

Amber with Inclusion

Succiniferous fossil resin (C10H16O)

Precious Opal

Hydrated Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Limonite/Ironstone

Limonite (FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Opal (in Jewelry Setting)

Hydrated Silicon Dioxide (SiO2·nH2O)

Opal

Hydrated Amorphous Silica (SiO2·nH2O)

Tumbled amber

Amber (fossilized plant resin), commonly succinite; organic mineraloid

Amber-bearing rough specimen

Fossilized plant resin (amber; organic mineraloid), commonly succinite

Small yellow-orange mineral fragment, likely amber or iron-stained quartz

Possibly amber (fossilized resin; organic mineraloid) or quartz (SiO₂)

Yellow-orange amber

Fossilized tree resin; amber is an organic mineraloid, not a true mineral

Amber (polished piece)

Fossilized tree resin; amber is an organic mineraloid, not a true mineral

Yellow amber beads

Amber (fossilized tree resin; organic mineraloid, not a true mineral)

Polished amber inclusion specimen

Amber (fossilized plant resin), commonly succinite; organic mineraloid

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass (high silica) with inclusions of Magnetite or Hematite