Mineraloid Like Synthetic Material

Quartz (Milky Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Blue stone cabochon, likely lapis lazuli or dyed stone

Lapis lazuli: lazurite-rich rock, chiefly (Na,Ca)₈(AlSiO₄)₆(S,SO)₂; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Unidentified polished dark gemstone cabochon

Possibly hematite, obsidian, jet, or dark agate; image insufficient for a definitive identification

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass (SiO2 with Hematite/Magnetite inclusions)

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic glass containing Magnetite/Hematite

Tumbled Clear Quartz and Citrine Points

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon-based organic sedimentary rock transitioned to metamorphic)

Composite Turquoise or Reconstituted Turquoise with Copper inclusions

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Turquoise) mixed with matrix and copper/bronze flakes

Blue glassy mineral specimen, possibly blue topaz or aquamarine

Tentatively topaz (Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂) or beryl/aquamarine (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈); identification is limited by severe image blur

Inlaid turquoise and red-stone earrings

Likely turquoise (CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O) with an unidentified red inlay; the image does not establish the materials

Cubic Zirconia

Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

Blue-green faceted gemstone, likely turquoise or treated turquoise

Turquoise: hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; exact identification is uncertain from the image

Faceted black gemstone, likely black spinel

Spinel (MgAl₂O₄); identification from the image is uncertain

Diamond (or Cubic Zirconia simulant)

Carbon (C) / Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Snowflake Obsidian

Volcanic glass with Cristobalite inclusions (mostly SiO2)

Pink/red faceted gemstone, likely synthetic corundum or glass imitation

Corundum (Al₂O₃), ruby/sapphire variety; exact identification requires testing

Tumbled tiger’s-eye

Quartz variety, fibrous golden-brown SiO₂ (pseudomorphic quartz after crocidolite)

Limonite (Ironstone Concretion)

Limonite (Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, mixtures of FeO(OH)·nH2O)

Blue cabochon gemstone ring

Likely blue turquoise, glass-filled sapphire, or blue spinel; exact identification requires testing

Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2 rich)

Smoky Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with aluminum impurities and natural radiation

Mahogany Obsidian

Obsidian (volcanic glass with hematite/magnetite inclusions)

Emerald (green gemstone in a jewelry setting)

Beryl, Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆; green color commonly from chromium and/or vanadium

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Obsidian

Volcanic glass

Green faceted gemstone, likely emerald or synthetic emerald

Beryl, Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈, colored green by chromium and/or vanadium; identity cannot be confirmed visually

Blue Sapphire

Corundum (Al2O3)

Blue Cracked Quartz (Dyed Fire Crackle Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with synthetic dye

Turquoise cabochon

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate — CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Ruby (varietal of Corundum)

Corundum (Al2O3:Cr)

Silicon Carbide

Silicon Carbide (Moissanite / Carborundum), SiC

Blue gemstone ring, likely lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli: lazurite-rich metamorphic rock, chiefly (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO)2, commonly with calcite and pyrite

Snowflake Obsidian

Obsidian with Spherulitic Cristobalite (SiO2)

Yellow-orange amber

Fossilized tree resin; amber is an organic mineraloid, not a true mineral

Blue-stone and diamond ring

Blue stone is possibly blue sapphire (corundum, Al₂O₃); surrounding stones appear to be diamonds (carbon, C).

Black obsidian

Volcanic glass, primarily rhyolitic silica glass (SiO₂-rich, noncrystalline)

Green faceted gemstone, likely tsavorite garnet

Tsavorite: green grossular garnet, Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Opalite

Synthetic Opalized Glass / Man-made Glass

Mahogany Obsidian

Volcanic Glass (SiO2 + Fe2O3)

Red faceted gemstone, possibly ruby (identification uncertain)

Ruby, if natural: corundum (Al₂O₃) colored by chromium

Dyed Purple Agate Sliced Tablet

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), variety Chalcedony