Hematite-rich Ironstone
Ferruginous Rock (Fe2O3)
sedimentary
Category
Organic (Non Rock)
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Sandstone
Arenite
sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
sedimentary
Boulder Opal
Hydrated Silica (SiO2·nH2O)
mineraloid
Fossilized Shell in Limestone
Bivalve fossil (CaCO3) in Carbonate Sedimentary Rock
sedimentary
Agatized Fossil Coral
Agatized Anthozoa
fossil
Polished turquoise cabochon pendant
Turquoise, hydrated copper-aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O; likely stabilized or matrix-bearing material
mineral
Quartzite
Quartzite
metamorphic
Shale
Fissile mudrock (composed of clay-sized particles and detrital grains)
sedimentary
Polished amber
Fossilized tree resin (primarily organic polymerized diterpenes)
gemstone
Polished labradorite
Labradorite, Ca(Al2Si2O8)–NaAlSi3O8 (plagioclase feldspar)
mineral
Fossil Crab
Decapoda (likely Avitelmessus or Raninidae family)
sedimentary
Moss-covered Limestone with Quartz/Calcite Pocket
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) rock with biological moss coating
sedimentary
Pebble (likely Siltstone or fine-grained Sandstone)
Sedimentary Clastic Rock
sedimentary
Chert (Green and Black Jasper variant)
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Fossilized Coral
Cnidaria (Anthozoa), often replaced by Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) or Silica (SiO2)
sedimentary
Rounded brown river pebble
Indeterminate lithic fragment; possibly weathered sandstone, mudstone, or basalt
sedimentary
Limestone with Lichen
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) with Endolithic/Epilithic Lichen
sedimentary
Limestone
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
sedimentary
Conglomerate
Conglomerate (Clastic Sedimentary Rock)
sedimentary
Fossilized Bone
Permineralized Vertebrate Bone
fossil
Quartz Pebble
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral
Blue Opal in Matrix
Hydrated Silica (SiO2·nH2O)
mineral
Dark gray flint or chert fragment
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly with minor chalcedony and impurities
sedimentary
Pearls
Pearl: biomineralized aragonite (CaCO₃) and conchiolin
gemstone
Coarse-grained Granite
Granitoid (Felsic Plutonic Rock)
igneous
Gneiss
Gneiss (Metamorphic Rock)
metamorphic
Limestone (Fossiliferous)
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) - Bioclastic Limestone
sedimentary
Chert (Jasper/Flint)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Sandstone
Sandstone (SiO2-dominated clastic rock)
sedimentary
Jasper
Silicon dioxide (Microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)
mineral
Chert (often called Flint in various colors)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Fossiliferous Limestone (Coquina)
Calcite (CaCO3) with Bioclastic inclusions
sedimentary
Fossiliferous Limestone
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) with marine fossils
fossil
Limestone with Calcite Veins
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
sedimentary
Black Obsidian
Volcanic glass
igneous
Jasper
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Moldavite
Moldavite (Siliceous vitreous substance)
tektite (natural glass)
Shale or Slate
Shale (Sedimentary) or Slate (Metamorphic)
sedimentary or metamorphic
Chert (Jasper/Flint Pebble)
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)
sedimentary
Gneiss
Gneiss
metamorphic
Weathered mafic rock, likely basalt
Basalt; predominantly plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, possibly olivine and iron oxides
igneous